Jungle Emperor Leo : Leo Edition by Osamu Tezuka (Jitsugyono Nihon-sha)

After reading Mighty Atom : Best Selection, I decided to read one other manga by Osamu Tezuka which was published in the same format. I chose Jungle Emperor Leo : Leo Edition. The original manga and anime series is titled ジャングル大帝 (Jungle Taitei). “Taitei” is a Japanese word for “Great Emperor”. 

Jungle Emperor Leo : Leo Edition is a coming-of-age story of a young white lion who is born on a ship en route to London. Leo is the son of Panja, a fierce lion who was also known as the King of the Jungle. It was Panja who fought against the humans to keep the animals in the jungle safe. 

After Panja is killed by humans, the killers capture Panja’s mate and plan on taking her to a zoo in London. Leo is born while the ship is in transit and is discovered by a member of the ship’s crew. The Captain says they only need to take the mother lion to London and that they should just toss the infant lion into the ocean. However, the crew member suggests another plan. The ship is full of mice and as lions are also felines, he suggests to the Captain that the cub could get rid of the mice on the ship. 

The Captain thinks it’s a good idea but doesn’t know the lion cub will befriend all the mice instead. During the trip, Leo’s mother says to him, “You are the son of Panja. You must go back to Africa and become a great leader, like your father.” Leo doesn’t want to leave his mother but she is adamant that Leo shouldn’t stay on board. And since Leo didn’t get rid of the mice, the Captain is angry and shouts for the crew to throw him overboard. 

Fortunately for Leo and one of the mice, a kind-hearted crewman sets them on a little raft and leaves them to drift in the ocean. While the two are adrift, they are attacked by a large shark. However, Leo’s instincts take over and he overpowers the shark. The defeated shark says to Leo, “You’re such a strong one. I thought you were just a child, but you’re more than that”. The shark then asks, “Where will you be heading now?”.

Leo says he’s headed for Africa and asks if it’s far. The shark says, “If you keep floating around here, you’ll never reach her shores. Not unless you swim there yourself”. Swim? To Africa?

The sharks says, “Just move your body like me, and you can swim”. Leo asks the shark if it could teach him. However, the shark says he can’t, he knows his end is near. He tells Leo to see the fish attached to his bellies. He tells Leo that they are called sharksuckers, a type of fish that have a symbiotic relationship with sharks.

The shark tells Leo to “detach them from my belly and put them on yours. They will swim for you”. Leo and his companion attach the sharksuckers to their bellies. The mouse also spots a kaleidoscope of tiger butterflies and says their in luck. He explains that the tiger butterflies migrate from continent to continent so if they follow them, they will find land.

Unfortunately, they don’t land in Africa. They find themselves in a place full of people and cars—and people fear animals—especially wild animals, even when the animal happens to be a white lion. One human, a young boy, does befriend the lion and convinces his schoolmaster to let the white lion stay in the school. 

Follow Leo and his adventures with humans and animals alike in a story of friendship and survival. Leo does make it back to Africa eventually after a few other episodes among his human hosts. However, he has become more of a house pet than a wild animal. Will Leo be able to survive in the real jungle? Will he be able to follow in his father’s footsteps and become “King of the Jungle”? You will have to read this book to find out. ~Ernie Hoyt

Mighty Atom : Best Selection by Osamu Tezuka (Jitsugyono Nihon-sha)

Osamu Tezuka was a Japanese manga artist, movie producer, and animator. He was appointed President of Toei Company, Ltd. in 2020, one of Japan’s largest movie production companies. He held the position until his death from pulmonary artery thrombosis in 2023. 

He is the creator of Mighty Atom, Phoenix, Jungle Emperor Leo, Black Jack, and a number of other mangas. Many of them have been adapted into an anime series. Mighty Atom, known in the United States as Atom Boy is probably his most popular.

Mighty Atom : Best Selection is an English-Japanese bilingual edition and is a compilation of the manga’s best stories. Although the main comic is written in English, as with a typical Japanese manga, you read the book from the right to left and the panels all read from right to left and top to bottom. The English is written in the panels while the Japanese is written right outside of the panels. 

At the end of each episode, Japanese translations of words that may be a little difficult for beginners of English are provided (some upon request). The Japanese translation of the manga is exactly as it is in the original manga. At the end of the book, there is a section that features colloquial expressions in English which could be very useful in English conversation. 

Mighty Atom : Best Selection features eight popular episodes. The opening story is The Birth of Atom. Also included in this volume are Giant Uran, Atom’s First Love, Touch and Go for a Slippery Snake, Atom the Second, and The Story of Foolish Ivan. 

The Birth of Atom introduces us to Mighty Atom or Atom Boy. Atom Boy is a robot with human emotions. He was created by Doctor Tenma, the Director of the Science Ministry, to replace his son Tobio, who died in an automobile accident. At first the doctor seemed very happy to have his son back but he discovered a fatal flaw in his creation—as a robot, Tobio would never grow up. Tobio was eventually sold to a circus. Another scientist, Doctor Ochanomizu, realized the boy was no ordinary robot and took him away from the circus to become his guardian. 

Thanks to Doctor Ochanomizu, Tobio, the boy robot, “soars through the sky on jet boosters and becomes a rocket in space. He knows sixty languages and can sense the good and evil in others. He has super-human hearing and has sarchlights in his eyes. He has machine guns in his bottom, and is as strong as 100,000 horses. Thus, young Tobio is reborn…as MIGHTY ATOM!”. 

Darling Uran introduces the readers to Mighty Atom’s siblings, Cobalt and Uran. Cobalt is Mighty Atom’s younger brother and Uran is his younger sister. Mighty Atom decides to show his siblings around Tokyo but finds that their understanding of the human world is still a bit limited. He then takes his siblings to a robot tournament. He explains to them, “it’s a tournament where robots duel each other once a year””. After the three find seats to watch the tournament, the two boy robots realize Uran is missing. They spot her in the middle of the ring. People cannot believe she is a competitor but she defeats the reigning champion easily and becomes fond of taking part in the tournament which highly troubles Mighty Atom. 

Atom vs. Atlas pits Mighty Atom against another robot who was built to defeat Mighty Atom. Unfortunately for Atlas’s creators, Atlas befriends Mighty Atom and helps him to defeat evil in the world. 

As this publication is a compilation of some of the best episodes, the stories do not follow a linear pattern. The introduction of Cobalt and Uran was quite sudden as it was the second episode to be featured in this book. However, if you read each episode as a separate story, you can still enjoy Mighty Atom and his adventures. The stories are timeless and fun. They can be enjoyed by both adults and children alike. ~Ernie Hoyt

The Reason I Jump : One Boy's Voice from the Silence of Autism by Naoki Higashida, translated by KA Yoshida & David Mitchell (Scepter)

I recently read a news article that I found to be unbelievable. However, after checking a number of different sources, it is no falsehood that the head of the United States Department of Health and Human Services once again made a speech which drew the anger of many citizens who listened to it. 

He said and I quote, “Autism destroys families.”. He went on to say, “These are kids who will never pay taxes, they’ll never hold a job, they’ll never play baseball, they’ll never write a poem, they’ll never go out on a date, many of them will never use a toilet unassisted.”. This is one of the most absurd things I’ve ever heard a government official say. 

Unfortunately, it’s not surprising, as these falsehoods were said by a known conspiracy theorist and anti-vaxxer. It’s a mystery why the current President of the United States appointed someone who is totally unqualified for the position. In my humble opinion, I find Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. to be an embarrassment to the Kennedy family legacy. 

I desperately wish to send R.F.K. Jr. this book. The Reason I Jump was written by Naoki Higashida. It is the account of “One boy’s voice from the silence of autism”. Higashida was only thirteen years old when he wrote this book. He tells his readers he has learned a method to communicate via writing. 

The book was originally published in the Japanese language with the title 自閉症の僕が跳びはねる理由 (Jiheisho no Boku ga Tobi Haneru Ryu) in 2007 by Escor. The direct translation of the title would be Why the Autistic Me Jumps. The English version was translated by KA Yoshida and David Mitchell who have a close association with autism as their son was diagnosed with the condition when he was three years old. 

Higashida tells his readers that he learned how to communicate via writing by using the “Alphabet Grid”, a method used for non-vocal communication. Higashida says, “You might think that speech is the only way to get your points and intentions across, but there is another way to say what you want without using the vocal nervous system”. 

Higashida gives normal people (people who don’t suffer from autism), an inside look at how an autistic person thinks and why they do things the way they do. He uses a question and answer format to try to answer many of the more common questions people have about autism and what it’s like to be autistic. 

At the end of the book, Higashida includes a short story he wrote titled I’m Right Here. It is an inspirational story about a special needs boy who is killed in a car accident but doesn’t know that he’s dead. However, when he sees his mother suffering because of his accident, he feels even more frustrated because there isn’t anything he can do to help his mother. I believe the story is a metaphor for his own condition. There are things he wants to say and wants to do but his condition makes him unable to do those things. 

There are also criticisms about the book. There are many in the scientific community who question the authenticity of authorship. They cite that Higashida’s use of a “facilitated finger writing” shows remarkable similarities to facilitate communication which was discredited as a pseudoscience by the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Psychological Communication. However, Mitchell is adamant that the book was written by Higashida and says there is video proof that Higashida pointed to the characters on his own to write the book. 

There is still an ongoing debate about who actually wrote the book. However, even surrounding the controversy, it sheds light on one of the most misunderstood conditions affecting millions of people—autism. Whether you believe in its validity or not shouldn’t matter. You can browse the Internet and you will find that there are a lot of autistic people who are fully functional in “normal society”. ~Ernie Hoyt

Ishibumi by Hiroshima Television Corporation, tranlated by Yasuko Claremont and Roman Rosenbaum (POPLAR Publishing)

It is my belief that almost everyone in the world has knowledge of the atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9, respectively. We also know from our history classes and history books that an estimated 140,000 to 200,000 people were killed. What we weren’t taught in our history classes though was that ninety-percent of the victims were civilians and a number of them were school-age children. 

Ishibumi tells the story of what happened to the three hundred and twenty-one students who were enrolled in Hiroshima Middle School. The story was first aired as an hour documentary in 1969 on Hiroshima Television. An estimated one-third of the class is believed to have died instantly. The rest of the students died slow and painful deaths. 

We know this to be true as the stories compiled here are from the reflections and letters from the students’ parents, relatives, and friends. All the students were between the ages of twelve and fourteen. It is based on eyewitness accounts as well. 

The title, Ishibumi, written as 碑 in kanji characters, means “stone monument”. The title is taken from the last character of the cenotaph, written in Japanese as 慰霊碑 (ireihi). It is dedicated to the three hundred twenty-one students who perished after the atomic bomb was dropped on the city. Students, faculty, and other non-military citizens were gathered on the banks of the Honkawa River when the bomb exploded. They were only 600 meters away from the hypocenter. 

Many of the students' parents went looking for their kids amidst the fire and rubble. Some were fortunate enough to find them and help them to safety, only to see them die shortly afterwards. Some of the children survived but died a day or two after the bombing. 

The father of a boy named Fumio Katayama wrote, “Since I was burned as well I could not carry him on my back and had to make him walk. We returned to our house in Hijiyama. We had to make a two-hour detour to avoid the city districts that were ablaze. Three days later on the ninth at four o’clock in the morning he died.”

The reader will also learn that many of the parents’ recollections of severely burned children who made it to make it home or to one of the numerous first-aid stations called out to their mothers and fathers, and asked about their friends while they lay dying. What’s really significant and some readers may find hard to understand is that although these children knew they were going to die, they continued to sing military songs, the Japan and national anthem and shouted out, “Long live the Emperor!”.

It’s heartbreaking and inspiring at the same time. Their pride for their country and the Emperor is impressive because you have to remember that these kids were only twelve or thirteen at the time. The book also includes many pictures of the students who died. It is a reminder to the world that, “In war, no one wins.” Even today, the debate still continues—was it necessary to drop the atomic bomb to end the war? Was it a crime against humanity? And will we ever be able to live in a world without atomic or nuclear weapons? ~Ernie Hoyt

Momoko's Illustrated Book of Living Things by Momoko Sakura, translated by James M. Vardaman, Jr. (Shueisha)

Momoko Sakura is a Japanese manga artist. She is the creator of one of Japan's longest running anime series titled Chibi Maruko-chan whose exploits are based on Sakura’s own experiences as an elementary school girl growing up in Shimizu, Japan in Shizuoka Prefecture. She is also the author of a number of essays and Momoko’s Story (Asia by the Book, January 2025)

Momoko’s Illustrated Book of Living Things or いきもの図鑑,as it was originally titled, was first published as a series of essays in the fashion magazine an an. When she was first approached to write a column in the magazine, she decided, “I’ll write about my memories of various living things. On a subject like this, I could write forever.”

However, she found that writing about “living things” every week wasn’t as easy as she first thought. She found that there were times when she had no special memories about a creature which made it hard for her to write. She says in her Afterword, “Memories are not something that can be forcibly manufactured and they do have to be related to the subject.” She takes her argument one step further saying, “Even if I had wanted to write about anteaters, for example, I couldn’t write an essay unless I had actually something to do with one.”

She has classified the animals she talks about into five separate categories—insects, fish, birds, animals, and everything else. As her family ran a vegetable shop, one of her earliest memories of “living things” is about the green caterpillar. Momoko writes, “Whenever my older sister’s shriek was followed by a head of cabbage rolling across the floor, it was the sign that she had found a caterpillar.”

Momoko liked bugs and she would collect the caterpillars. She liked to keep many of them in a box. She liked watching the caterpillars turn to pupa but wondered how wings could be growing under the thin skin and how the caterpillar would turn into a butterfly. 

Another “living thing” Momoko writes about is earthworms. When she was in the second grade, her family used to keep some small fish called guppies as pets. The guppies fed on the earthworms. She used to go out with her father to any ditch nearby and would find lots of earthworms. 

One day while she was out looking for earthworms with her father, a boy about her own age asked her what she was doing. She was too embarrassed to tell him that she was looking for earthworms and just replied, “Nothing.” What shocked her though was that the boy said, “If you aren’t doing anything, do you want to play.” It never occurred to her to play with a boy before. She was a little flustered and told him, “I won’t.” The boy was insistent until Momoko’s father’s voice could be heard saying, “Hey, there are worms over here!” The boy left without a word. 

Every memory Momoko has about a “living thing” may seem ordinary but the way she talks about each and every one of them makes the readers feel as if each and every “living thing” is special. I’m sure we all have our own memories of “living things”—that pet dog or hamster, the family cat or even an aquarium full of tropical fish, but Momoko has a way of making each “living thing” larger than life. ~Ernie Hoyt

毎日は冒険 (Mainichi ga Boken) by 高橋歩 (Ayumu Takahashi) Japanese Text Only

Ayumu Takahashi was born in Tokyo on August 26, 1972. He is an entrepreneur, writer, and the founder of Sanctuary Publishing. His book 毎日が冒険 (Mainichi ga Boken) translates into English as Everyday is an Adventure. 

In this book, Takahashi relates seven different life experiences he has had. His adventure starts when he is still a senior in high school. All of his friends and classmates are either studying for the university exams or at least have a general idea of what they want to do after graduating from high school. 

Takahashi has no idea what he’s going to do with his life after high school. He’s a little envious of his friends and peers. Some of them say, “I’m going to go to design school and become a famous designer” or “I’m going to university in Aomori to study to become a veterinarian”. It isn’t until Takahashi sees a commercial for the “Marlboro Man” that he’s inspired. 

When he sees the commercial advertising Marlboro cigarettes featuring the “Marlboro Man” (cigarette ads were still very common in Japan in the seventies), Takahashi decides then and there to go to America and become an American cowboy! Although he can’t speak English very well, his mother says she has friends who will let him stay at their house for his time in the U.S.

For his first three days in Los Angeles, his hosts take him through Beverly Hills. They go on a drive to Santa Monica Beach. He nervously watches Terminator 2 at a small movie theater while a number of Black people are making noise. His hosts also take him to Universal Studios. Before he knows it, three days have passed. He reminds himself that he came to America to work as a cowboy. He certainly won’t find them in Los Angeles. 

Takahashi believes he will find “real” cowboys in Texas. He books a flight to Dallas to go in search of some. His host tells him the best way to gather information is to go to a church whose members also speak his own language. 

Takahashi manages to find a church where there are people who speak Japanese. One of the people he meets is kind enough to drive him to Fort Worth where a cattle auction is being held. Takahashi thinks, “Real cowboys!”. Now he needs to have the courage to speak to one of them to see if they would take him on as an apprentice. It’s easier said than done. However, he does meet a cowboy who takes him in for the night. The following day, Takahashi asks if he could work at the ranch to become a cowboy, the cowboy gives him a flat-out no and that’s the end of Takahashi’s dream of becoming a cowboy. 

Takahashi goes back to Japan. He enrolls in a community college and also works part time as a delivery person for a pizza restaurant, since his dream of becoming a cowboy did not come to fruition, At the pizza joint where he makes more friends, one of his coworkers tells him that he’s going to take part in a “Hellish Success Philosophy Training Camp” and that Takahashi should join. 

Takahashi manages to complete the course but he still doesn’t know what he wants to do with his life. As he is thinking about his future, he watches the Tom Cruise movie Cocktail and is inspired once again! “That’s it! I’ll open my own bar!”. In order to run a bar, you need to know how to make drinks. Aside from working part-time at the pizza place and going to college, Takahashi takes another part time job, working at a bar to learn more about the trade. 

He also finds that starting your own business costs a lot of money. He talks to three of his friends who also had taken part in the “Hellish Success Philosophy Training Camp” to become his partners, which sparks Takahashi’s next major adventure. The four entrepreneurs borrow money from friends, family, acquaintances, ex-girlfriends, and old classmates. They manage to raise enough money to buy the bar where Takahashi works part-time. 

Takahashi’s drive and enthusiasm for this new project encourages his partners as well. In a short amount of time, they re-open the bar under new ownership and call it Rockwells, named after Norman Rockwell, the American painter and also because they all like rock music. 

Once the bar is successful, Takahashi becomes restless again. He wants to start something new. His next idea is to write a book and get it published. However he can’t find a publisher willing to take on an unknown author who doesn’t even have a manuscript yet. So, Takahashi comes upon a new idea. He will start his own publishing company and publish his own books. He will start from scratch once again to challenge himself to another adventure. 

Takahashi’s story is inspiring. However, there are times when his actions seem to go against the grain of common sense. But with determination and perseverance, he overcomes the obstacles he is faced with. After successfully starting a publishing company, Takahashi is already planning for his next adventure. Where will life take him next???　~Ernie Hoyt

World Class by Teru Clavel (Simon & Schuster)

When Teru Clavel’s husband is transferred from New York to Hong Kong in 2006, she’s relieved. The oldest of her two young sons is approaching the age where preschool is in his future and in Manhattan, this is no trivial landmark. The right preschool will determine his future education, right up to his choice of university, and the application process is almost a blood sport. Parents begin this rigorous journey even before the future student emerges on a delivery table, moving to the right neighborhood, joining the right church, and finding the right consultants in tandem with “preschool prep” classes. 

The Clavel family falls into the category of “moderately to extremely wealthy” and both parents were educated at all the right schools but Teru had an additional advantage. Her Japanese mother sent her to public school in Japan every summer. With that background, she’s eager to give that same sort of opportunity to her children--and for the next ten years, she does.

At first her two-year-old son James is enrolled in a prestigious, private preschool but his mother begins to chafe against the affluent bubble that Hong Kong provides to wealthy expatriates. With her Japanese public school experience, she finds the same thing for James by the time he’s three and is delighted that by the time he’s four, he’s given homework and is a confident speaker of Chinese--or Mandarin as Teru terms it throughout her book.

When her husband is transferred to Shanghai, they all leave any form of expat lifestyle behind in Hong Kong and enter what Teru calls “family detox.” Their apartment is inhabited by rats, roaches, and termites and James, at six, becomes his mother’ s interpreter when they go to stores and markets. But Teru’s determination gets her sons into public schools, where James is the sole foreigner in his class and Charles is only one of several  in his preschool. There the family discovers that Shanghai invests in teachers’ salaries and continuing professional development, with generous resources given to English language instruction and education for students with special needs. Unlike their U.S. counterparts, schools don’t spend money on technology, attractive classrooms, or elaborate playgrounds. 

In  her sons’ schools, Teru finds, teachers concentrate on mastery of a subject for every student and they will stay after school with anyone who needs help to reach that point. “There is no ‘bad at math,’ Teru says, “any grade below 95 is considered a failure.” First grade students begin to learn the rudiments of algebra. While classes concentrate on rote memorization, speed drills, and repeating what a teacher has just said, this pays off. In an international test administered by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) that focuses on math, science, and reading, Shanghai was at the top in all three in 2009 and “ranked three full grade levels above the average score overall” in 2010. 

At the same time, James and Charles found a sense of community in their schools, to the point that when Charles was briefly hospitalized, his teacher, several of his classmates, and their parents visited him.

By the time the Clavels are transferred to Tokyo, a new addition to their family, Victoria, is almost ready for preschool. While James and Charles have learned discipline and self-control in their Shanghai school, Victoria at the age of three barely squeaks into a Tokyo preschool. “Make sure Victoria understands social norms here before she starts school,” the principal warns Teru. Her older brothers are given a crash course in Japanese before beginning their four years of public school.

Perhaps because Teru received a generous helping of Japanese education as a child, she spends less time describing the experience that her children underwent. She stresses the importance Japan places on educating “the whole child,” fostering independence and giving a thorough grounding in nutrition as well as providing curriculum that is stable and carefully planned system-wide. In Japan, she says, textbooks are written and approved by teachers. A parent-teacher journal comes home with each child every night and families are encouraged to come into their student’s classroom for observation days. “It was an efficient, transparent system that had stood the test of time.”

Returning to U.S. schools in 2016 is a shock to everyone. Although the Clavel children attend public school in the wealthy area of Palo Alto, the best ranked school district in California, they find sports are stressed above academic subjects. In James’s English class, seventh-graders are required to read no more than three books all year and their teacher will critique only three essays “because there’s not enough time.” Charles is delighted that he watched “ten movies in full” during his year of fifth grade. Both boys are two years ahead of their grade level in math.

The solution? Go full circle. Move to Manhattan and put the children in private school. 

Although World Class is a more cursory examination of education overseas than Little Soldiers (Asia by the Book, December 2022), Teru Clavel gives a surprising and often shocking comparison of U.S. education during a time when we need to hear this more than ever.~Janet Brown

Aflame by Pico Iyer (Riverhead Books)

In a year that has begun with the horror of conflagration, Aflame seems to be an unfortunate choice of title, but Pico Iyer earned the right to use it. On the day his California home burned to the ground, he was in his car, “surrounded by walls of flame, five stories high…not even thinking that a car might be the least safe hiding place of all.” With no place to go, he was sleeping on the floor at a friend’s house when another friend told him about a monastery in Big Sur. There he would find a room of his own with ocean views, “no obligations and a suggested donation of thirty dollars a night.”

It was thirty-three years ago when Iyer first learned “the silence of this place is as real and solid as sound.” He’s been a regular visitor every year since then, so devoted to it that when he leaves his home in Kyoto to come here, his wife tells him she’s worried. Another woman she could contend with but “how can I compete against a temple?”

Iyer is a student of many spiritual disciplines, a man who has known the Dalai Lama since he was a teenager when his father took him to Daramshala.  Espousing no particular religious faith, he respects them all. His mother, a renowned religious scholar, asks with a fair amount of alarm when she learns where her son has found refuge,”You’re not going to get converted?” Iyer reassures her that the order of monks whom he is living among are heavily influenced by Hindu and Buddhist teachings. Proselytization is not their stock in trade.

What they offer is the gift of silence, in a natural sanctuary. Although every Fire Season brings smoke and the threat of flames to their community, they describe the fires as “incandescent,” “radiant.” As neighbors to 900 acres of trees and brush, they coexist with the danger of infernos, seeing them as the cost of living near a gorgeous source of fuel. Iyer, who has come to them fresh from a fire that “left its mark” on him, discovers this way of thinking is contagious, even though the monastery’s view includes a sweep of scorched hills.

The monks whom he lives with are contemplative, not ones who observe rules of Trappist silence. They’re all busily maintaining the domestic and spiritual life of their community, without disturbing the visitors who have come to find peace. Iyer immediately and reflexively falls into his own work, writing four pages without stopping within the first twenty minutes of sitting in his room. In a place of “silence and emptiness and light,” one without screens of any kind, he becomes attuned to the world around him “in all its wild immediacy.”

While steeped in the company of books written by connoisseurs of silence, Kafka, Admiral Byrd, Henry Miller and Thomas Merton (who became unlikely friends with Miller praising Merton for looking as if he were a former convict), Iyer also meets monks who “stay calm amidst the flames” and “trust the dark.” Walking through “knife-sharp light,” he hears a voice singing in a chapel, sweet music he’s certain must be coming from a young woman. When he catches a glimpse of the singer, the person he sees is an old monk, one who is usually silent, “deep in adoration.” In his song, Iyer hears everything the man has given up, transformed into pure clarity.

In the pages of Aflame, Iyer offers up the loveliness and the serenity that he finds in this community of monks, along with apt quotes from other writers whom he taps into while he’s there. With him, we see “stars stream down as if shaken from a tumbler,” “a turquoise cove, white frothing against some rocks,” “great shafts of light between the conifers.” As we follow him, we have a glimpse of what it is to “be filled with everything around” us and we gain a measure of true quiet, the kind that keeps spirits from starvation.~Janet Brown

First Love by Rio Shimamoto, translated by Louise Heal Kawai (Honford Star)

Rio Shimamoto is a Japanese writer who was born in Tokyo in 1983. She was the winner of the Gunzo New Writers’ Prize in 2001 for her book Silhouette while she was still a high school student. She was nominated for the Akutagawa Prize in 2002 for her novella Little by Little which did not win but did win the Noma Literary New Face Prize. 

Shimamoto was nominated for the Akutagawa Prize four times and she was nominated twice for the Naoki Prize. Her book, First Love, was first published in 2018 by Bunshu Bunko. The English language version was translated by Louise Heal Kawai and published in 2024.

Kanna Hijiriyama is a young college student whose goal in life was to become a television news anchor. She has just been arrested by the police for stabbing her own father. When she was being taken into custody by the police, she said to them, “You’ll have to discover my motives for yourselves”. 

You would think that Hijiriyama would be the main focus of the story but she’s not. The true protagonist is Yuki Makabe, a clinical psychologist who specializes in working with hikikomori, socially withdrawn children. The book begins with Makabe being interviewed on a television program titled After Hours Children Clinic which is hosted by a man with four children of his own. 

When asked if she thinks there is anything particular that strikes her about hikikomori, she tells the interviewers and the viewers at home, “Everyone believes that love is something that you have to show your children constantly. But in fact, sometimes that can be the root of the problem”. This scene foreshadows the plot of the story which starts out as a murder mystery but evolves into a courtroom drama focusing on filial piety. 

Makade was approached by a publisher to write a book about Hijiriyama from a psychologist’s perspective. Around the same time, she is contacted by Kasho, her brother-in-law, who wants to discuss an upcoming case about a certain young woman. Kasho has been appointed the defense lawyer for Kanna Hijiriyama. 

Makabe and Kasho are still pondering the motive for the murder. Makabe can’t believe that her parents' opposition to her chosen profession is motive enough to kill her father. Makabe believes there’s something hidden deep within Hijiriyama that triggered her actions. Makabe also doesn’t want to sensationalize the murder which may have an influence on the case. 

As the story progresses, we learn that Kanna Hijiriyama’s father is a famous artist. He is also a strict disciplinarian. Her mother is portrayed as being subservient to her husband and is quite selfish herself. Although Hijiriyama’s case doesn’t seem to be all that complicated, Makabe still cannot make sense of Hijiriyama’s motive. She believes that a “young woman would have to be very determined to kill her own father”. 

She also asks herself, “Why did an ordinary student, in the middle of the regular job-hunting-season, suddenly exhibit such violence”. As Makabe and her brother-in-law dig deeper into the case, we learn more about Kanna Hijiriyama’s past. It becomes evident that she did not have a normal childhood which may have been the root cause for her to kill her father. 

The problem is how can the defense attorney prove that Kanna Hijiriyama was not in a right state of mind when the murder happened. Can he gain sympathy for her even though she admits that it was by her hand that her father died. And will Makabe’s expertise as a clinical psychologist help in any way? The answers may surprise you. ~Ernie Hoyt

ももこの話 (Momoko's Story) by Momoko Sakura *Japanese Text Only (Shueisha)

Momoko Sakura was first introduced here with her travel essay またたび ‘Mata Tabi’, (Asia by the Book, October 2004). She was first and foremost a manga artist, the creator of Chibi Maruko-chan which has become one of Japan’s longest running television anime series. 

ももこの話 (Momoko’s Story) is the third collection of essays in her “Those Days” series which mainly focuses on her memories and episodes from her childhood. These essays were originally published by Shueisha in 1998. The essays were compiled and released in book form in 2006. 

At the beginning of the year in 1998, Sakura gets a call from her editor asking when she wants to hole up in a hotel to focus on writing her next batch of essays. Instead of staying at the Park Hyatt, Sakura requests the Hotel New Otani which surprises her editor. 

Her reason for staying at the New Otani instead of the Park Hyatt was simple. Although she likes both hotels, she really enjoys the room service at the New Otani and was looking forward to eating Chinese fried rice. She would also be able to enjoy the Otani’s annin-dofu (almond tofu) for dessert. 

Sakura has her editor make reservations for mid-February. She says it was fortunate that one of her co-workers came to pick her up as she always brings a number of items with her even if it’s for a short stay. As Sakura is a tea and coffee drinker, she needs her tools to make good tea —tea strainer, a special mug and tea and she needs her tools to make a good cup of coffee - coffee beans, coffee liquor, and filters. 

She also brings her favorite sparkling wine, chocolate, konjac jelly (also known as devil’s tongue, voodoo lily, snake palm, or elephant yam), cigarettes, health foods, CDs and CD player, work tools, and clothes. While she is holed up in the hotel, the offices of Shueisha are moving to a bigger and more convenient location. By the time Sakura finishes writing half of the book's essays, the office move has been completed. 

Sakura wrote half of the book's essays in the five days she spent at the Hotel Otani. She felt relieved that she would have enough time to complete the essays for another book in a reasonable amount of time. So she goes back to gardening, visiting flower shops and repotting pots in the garden, .

After she finishes her work in the garden, she takes care of her tropical fish. After the fish, she turns to her pet turtle. Once that is done, then it’s off to the department store to buy spring clothing. On weekends, she plays with her son at the park. He is at the age when he’s beginng to think that Momoko Sakura was his own mother, but his mother denies it. He won’t figure out the truth for another couple of years. February turns to March, March turns to April. 

Sakura shows her face at the office around the middle of April. Her editor asks how the rest of her essays were coming. Sakura is truthful and says she hadn’t written anything in a while. Her editor said the deadline for the book is the twenty-fourth of this month. Sakura is at the office on the fourteenth. 

Oh no! Sakura has only ten days to complete the book. She is a little nervous about finishing the project but being a professional, she finishes in the nick of time. Some of the things she talks about from her childhood are being a kid without a huge appetite, trying to teach her father the words to popular songs at the time while taking a bath together, her own forgetfulness, trying to stay warm under the kotatsu in the winter, her kakizome homework which is a special piece of calligraphy for the new year, buying sweet potatoes from the sweet potato truck even though her parents ran a fruit and vegetable shop. 

Sakura’s memories of her childhood are nostalgic for anyone who loves the Showa era of Japan or had lived in Japan during that time. Sakura was born in 1965, so she was only two years younger than I was when my family moved to Tokyo from Greece. I grew up watching the same television shows and listened to the same music she did. These essays brought back memories of my own childhood.~Ernie Hoyt

Sunny by Colin O'Sullivan

Colin O’Sullivan is an Irish writer who currently resides in Aomori Prefecture in the Tohoku region of Japan. He first came to Japan to teach English but has been living in Japan for more than twenty years. 

Sunny was originally titled The Dark Manual and was published in 2018 in Ireland by Betimes Books. It was also adapted into a television series and was aired on Apple TV+ but cancelled just after one season. As I haven’t had a chance to see the show, I cannot comment or make comparisons to the book.

In the book, Susie Sakamoto is an Irish woman who married a Japanese man named Masahiko. They have an eight-year old son named Zen. Her husband works at a high tech firm called ImaTech, a firm that specializes in robotics. 

Susie’s husband and her son were on their way to Seoul, South Korea where Masa was going to give a talk at a conference. It was Zen’s first ever flight. Unfortunately, due to the trajectory and interference of  a North Korean missile, the plane was sent off course and ended up crashing into the ocean. 

In the Sakamotos home, there is Sunny.  Sunny is a silver, one-meter-tall homebot (Model SH.XL8). Its eyes are two red orbs. At night, if the house is dark, this is all you see: “two red orbs from deep black”. “These are its eyes. Scarlet, but bloodless. It makes them strange. Eyes with no blood, no whites, are strange. No irises, no change, strange”. 

Homebots are the way of the future. Although the robots are not yet sentient, they seem to be on their way and ImaTech is in the lead to make it a reality. However, Susie doesn’t care about Sunny. All it does for her is remind her that her husband and son are no longer with her. 

In her grief, all Susie wants to do is join her husband and son. Sunny is a constant reminder of her husband. It was he who programmed it. Masa programmed it to help Susie around the house. She hates its efficiency. She doesn’t really want to think too much about the robot and its efficiency but lately she cannot help herself from not thinking about it. She wants to turn it off permanently, but doesn’t know how. 

She is alone with Sunny all the time and this makes her angry. She hates being alone and feels great animosity towards the machine. She wonders why her husband programmed it with such an annoying voice and such proper manners. 

To deal with her grief and loneliness, Susie goes to a local bar where she has become friends with a woman named Mixxie. She drowns her sorrows in alcohol and whatever else she can get her hands on just to cope. This continues until she hears rumors of something called the “Dark Manual” at the bar which helps her come out of her depression. 

Now with the help of Mixxie and the bar’s owner, they go in search of the “Dark Manual”. But they aren’t the only ones looking for it. When Susie discovers that it was written by her own husband, she makes an even more desperate search for it, believing that it is hidden somewhere in her own house. 

There have been many stories dealing with the concept of humans vs. machines. This is just one in a long line of titles with a similar plot. At times Sunny is reminiscent of Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot and is an excellent cyber-thriller. However, more than half the story focuses on Susie Sakamoto’s grief and anger. 

You almost wish she would end her life just so we could stop feeling her hopelessness and despair. Fortunately, the book comes into its own after Susie becomes determined to find the “Dark Manual” but will she be able to shut down Sunny for good? Will Susie and friends find it before the others? Are the robots on the verge of thinking for themselves? And what will happen to Sunny if Susie does find the “Dark Manual”? ~Ernie Hoyt

Since Fukushima by Wago Ryoichi, translated by Jody Halebsky & Takahashi Ayako (Vagabond Press)

Wago Ryoichi is from Fukushima City in Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. He is a poet and also taught Japanese literature at a high school in Minami Soma, a city located just thirty kilometers from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. 

His book, Since Fukushima, is not just a book of poetry. The catastrophe changed his way of thinking. Since March 2011, his poetry focuses on the devastation and ecological disaster caused by 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, known in Japan as 3-11 or the Great East Japan Earthquake. 

The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.0 and the epicenter was about 80 miles east of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture’s largest city. The quake triggered a tsunami that measured over forty feet in some areas of the Tohoku region. The hardest hit areas were Miyagi, Iwate, and Fukushima Prefectures. A fifty-foot tsunami wave hit the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant causing a nuclear meltdown. It is one of the worst nuclear accidents in history.

Pebbles of Poetry Part 1 and Party were compiled from Wago’s tweets on his Twitter account where he started posting five days after the quake. He tweeted his feelings, his thoughts, and what he saw. His first sets of tweets were from March 16, 2001 from 4:23 am to March 17, 12:24 am. His second set of tweets were from March 27 from 10:00 pm to 10:44 pm. 

At the time of the disaster, he was still conflicted. Should he evacuate with his wife and children, could he abandon his home and his parents. Wago tried persuading his parents to leave but they refused so he also decided to stay in Fukushima. His wife and his children had evacuated to a safer zone. 

The event not only changed his way of thinking, it changed his style of writing. His poems not only focus on the human toll of the disaster, but the destruction and the ruination of the land, the pets and livestock that were left behind, and also about the people who decided to remain, such as he and his parents. 

There are poems that are told from the perspective of a cow abandoned by its farmer, a poem about how contaminated soil was dug up, placed in plastic bags, only to be reburied in the same ground. 

Following the series of poems, there is a conversation with American poet and teacher Brenda Hillman and Wago Ryoichi discussing Activism and Poetry. The interview was conducted at Hillman's home by the translators of the book, Ayako Takahashi and Judy Halebsky.

The two poets discuss the role of poetry in activism and also in teaching. Wago says, “Much of what I learned through teaching connects directly to writing poetry”. On the other hand, Hillman says she writes her poetry in a “very strange dream world”. She says, “The world inside and the world of my brain and imagination are very separate from the outer practical world”. 

Hellman says most of her poems are very political so she sees teaching as “a bridge between these inner metaphoric states of the poet, and the outside world which is sometimes very numb to poetry and art”. 

It’s a very interesting discussion on how natural disasters can be taught through the use of poetry. I was living in Japan at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake and I watched the breaking news on television and constantly checked updates on Twitter. Although I was living in Tokyo at the time, the disaster affected the entire country. One of my friends mentioned that people I’ve never met were willing to pay for my plane ticket home to the U.S. However, I can relate more to Wago as Japan is my adopted home and there was no way I was going to abandon my new home or leave my wife alone in the country. ~Ernie Hoyt

Bullet Train by Kotaro Isaka, translated by Sam Melissa (Vintage)

Bullet Train is the third book in Kotaro Isaka’s Hitman series which includes Three Assassins, Mantis (Asia by the Book, September 2024), and Hotel Lucky Seven. It was originally published as マリアビートル (Maria Beetle) in 2010 by Kadokawa Shoten. It was adapted into a stage play in Japan in 2018 and also adapted into a major motion picture starring Brad Pitt. 

I had watched the Hollywood movie and was excited to read the book in English which was translated by Sam Melissa who also translated Mantis. I wanted to see how closely the movie adaptation followed Isaka’s book. 

A former hitman boards the Tohoku Shinkansen “Hayate” at Tokyo Station which is bound for Morioko in Iwate Prefecture. He is determined to take revenge against a teenager named Satoshi Oji whose nickname is the Prince.  The Prince had pushed Kimura’s son, Wataru, off the roof of a department just for fun. 

Unknown to Kimura, the Prince has lured him onto the shinkansen knowing full well that Kimura wants to take revenge. Fourteen-year-old Satoshi is no ordinary teenager. He is a sociopath who enjoys manipulating people. Before Kimura can shoot the boy, he is tasered and when he wakes up, he is bound hand and foot. 

The Prince tells Kimura that he has an acquaintance watching over Wataru and if anything should happen to him, Kimura’s son will be in danger. Kimura has no choice but to do the Prince’s bidding. 

On the same train are two professional hitmen, Lemon and Tangerine. Tangerine loves books and is well read while Lemon is obsessed with Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends. They’ve been hired by a ruthless Yakuza boss named Yoshio Minegishi, to rescue his kidnapped son and to bring back the suitcase full of ransom money to Morioka.  

Lemon has stashed the suitcase away but when he goes to retrieve it, the suitcase is missing. As Lemon takes his time coming back to his seat, Tangerine goes to check on his partner. When the pair come back to their seat,s they discover Minegishi’s son is dead!

Also boarding the train is yet another hitman. His name is Nanao but has the codename “Ladybug”. Although his last few assignments have been successful, something always goes awry. His handler, Maria, decided to get him an easy job. All he has to do is steal a suitcase of money and get off at the next station. 

The job seems simple enough. Ladybug finds the suitcase, which happens to be the suitcase that Lemon and Tangerine were to return to Minegishi. Just as he is about to step off the train, he is confronted by another hitman, “The Wolf” who has a vendetta against Ladybug. 

In a scuffle between Ladybug and the Wolf, Ladybug gains the upper hand and has the Wolf in a chokehold. Unfortunately, the train jerks and Ladybug unintentionally breaks the Wolf’s neck. Now he has to hide a dead body and must try to get off at the next station. 

The Prince notices something odd about some of the other passengers and decides to see how he can manipulate them as well. 

Although I enjoyed the Hollywood adaption of the movie, I found the book to have more substance. The movie was one action scene after another, including heavy doses of humor. The book is not only full of action but it’s a psychological thriller as well. Isaka has created one of the most evil characters with Satoshi Oji, the Prince, a very intelligent young boy who is also a total psychopath. 

The book goes into more detail about how Kimura gets acquainted with the Prince and the events that lead to him boarding the train at Tokyo Station with the intent to kill. What really lures in the reader though is trying to decide who is going to survive. The other mystery is why are they all on the same train? Will anybody be left alive by the time the train pulls into Morioka? And who killed Minegishi’s son? You will just have to read the book to find out. ~Ernie Hoyt

My Humorous Japan Part 3 by Brian W. Powle (NHK Shuppan)

Brian W. Powle is a British citizen and teacher who taught at Aoyama Gakuin in Tokyo for many years. He has published a number of textbooks for high schools and universities and has also appeared on NHK radio and television, as well as contributing articles to newspapers. He says that he tries to be an entertainer as well as a teacher. It’s his belief that “If students can laugh and enjoy themselves while learning English, so much the better”.

My Humorous Japan Part 3 is Powle’s third book on what he finds amusing and humorous about living in Japan. As much as I would have liked to feature Parts 1 and 2, only Part 3 was available at my local library. 

Part 3 was first published in 1997 so some of the content that was current at the time of publication may seem a bit dated now. However many of the topics are still relevant today, such as school bullying and train pests, more commonly known in Japan as chikan (which is usually translated as pervert and refers to people, mostly men, who molest women on crowded trains). 

As a long-time resident of Japan myself, I find Powle’s experience quite similar to my own. His first essay in this collection is about the obatalian. The term isn’t used as often now but the actions of the obatalian haven't changed. 

So who and what are obatalians. They’re usually middle-aged women from about forty to elderly women in their eighties and nineties. Powle points out that there are many theories about the origin of the word and how some people think it should be spelt obattalion as the word combines “obasan” (aunt or older woman) and “battalion” and “we get an aggressive middle-aged lady who looks something like a fighting soldier”. 

They’re the kind of women who rush on to the train to grab the last available seat. They talk loudly in public complaining about their daughter-in-laws. They often stand and talk to their other obatalian friends in the pool, getting in the way of others who actually want to swim. They may also be tight with their husbands’ allowance. Thankfully, my wife doesn’t fit into the description of an obatalian. 

One of my favorite essays of Powles is titled My Strange Experience at a Hot Spring Resort. Japan is famous for its hot springs and ryokans (traditional Japanese inns). There’s nothing better than soaking in a hot bath to get rid of all your anxieties. Some baths may be located near a natural river or waterfall. 

Powle was telling the proprietor of the inn about how much he enjoyed the nice sound of the waterfall that made him fall blissfully asleep. However, the woman told him “that was not the sound of the waterfall. The toilet next door is out of order. The water won’t stop running. That’s what you heard”. Needless to say, Powle could not fall asleep the next evening as his perception of a nice waterfall was replaced by the image of a broken toilet!

Even today, many visitors to Japan are not sure what to make of the Japanese toilet. The old traditional squat toilets have been replaced by washlets, toilets with a computer console that some people find as confusing as the cockpit of an airplane. Imagine if you’re a man and press the button for bidet instead of oshiri (the Japanese term for your backside). 

Aside from the two essays mentioned above, the book includes sixteen other stories of Powle’s experience in Japan with titles like Why Do Foreigners Get Angry in Japanese Barbershops and A Fortune Teller Who Couldn’t Predict Her Own Death. 

It’s very light reading for the Japanophile and will give you a glimpse of what it’s like to live in Japan as seen through the eyes of a foreigner. Also, it’s just entertaining. ~Ernie Hoyt

Cruising the Anime City : An Otaku's Guide to Neo Tokyo by Patrick Macias and Tomohiro Machiyama (Stone Bridge Press)

Any book on pop culture is sure to go out of date almost as soon as it’s published. It is no different with Patrick Macias and Tomohiro Machiyama’s book Cruising the Anime City which was first published twenty years ago. A lot has changed since then. 

Even the word otaku has changed. It was once a euphemism for young males who were seriously into games and anime. They were what we in the States would call “nerds,” geeky boys who couldn’t get a girl to talk to them if they tried. 

In 1989, Tomohiro Machiyama wrote a book called おたくの本 (Otaku no Hon) and would like to take credit for popularizing the term. Unfortunately、 a young man named Tsutomu Miyazaki was arrested the same year. He kidnapped and raped three little girls. 

Machiyama describes Miyazaki as a “walking worst-case scenario otaku. With messy long hair, a pale face, and geeky glasses”. He was twenty-seven at the time of his arrest. unemployed and still living with his parents. 

The police found a large number of anime videos and Lolicon (Lolita Complex) manga. Machiyama also states that “because the case was so sensational, many Japanese people began to wonder what kind of lifestyle had created such a monster.” 

Otaku no Hon had just come out and people “connected the dots and came to the conclusion that otaku were dangerous perverts”. It would be many years later that the astigmatism attached to otaku would be reversed. 

The change came about due to a former anime creator who became a social critic. He was a self-proclaimed “Ota-king” and would explain otaku culture in layman’s terms to economists and academics. He championed the otaku subculture as it was the otaku who “through their purchasing power, supported technological advances in Japan”. 

Macias and Machiyama’s book on pop culture covers manga (the Japanese comic), toys, idols, anime, games, movies, cosplay (people who dress up like their favorite anime or game character), Comiket (comic market), and pla-mo (plastic models). 

Although manga was still popular when I first moved to Japan in 1995, the market had changed in just a few years. When Macias made his first trip to Japan in 1999, he didn’t see people reading mangas on the trains or the buses. By 2004, when this book came out, people were reading manga on their smartphones. 

That doesn’t mean the manga has lost its popularity. The print production of the omnibus comics may have gone down but manga is alive and well in Japan. Just go to any Mandarake or Yorozuya shops and you will find manga and other manga- and anime-related goods for sale. 

The Comiket or Comic Market is still a strong event as ever too. It is held twice a year at Tokyo Big Sight and draws millions of comic and anime fans. It is also an event where you will see many cosplayers as well. 

Another interesting aspect of Japanese pop culture are idols. Idols mostly being cute young girls who dance and sing and are commercialized through merchandise and endorsements by talent agencies. When Cruising the Anime City came out, at the top of the idol chain was a group called Morning Musume. 

Tsunku, the vocalist of Japanese rock band Sharan-Q was looking for a new singer and held auditions on a televised program called [Asayan]. Morning Musume was formed by five of the candidates who were dropped. Tsunku produced a single for them on an independent label and gave them the task of selling 50,000 copies in five days or they would have to go back to their ordinary lives. 

The five members were able to accomplish the mission and debuted on a major label in January of 1998. Their rise to fame was quick and the group grew from five members, to eight, to eleven to who knows how many now. The group is still going strong even today but has been shadowed by another idol group that emerged in 2005, called AKB48. 

Although the subject of the book is quite dated now, it still makes for an entertaining read. I mean, how many of us old-timers remember what it was like to buy our first record or LP, or cassette tape for that matter? If you’ve lived in Japan through the nineties or if you’re just interested in Japanese pop culture of the past, you will be sure to enjoy this nostalgic trip into the past. ~Ernie Hoyt

The Little House by Kyoko Nakajima, translated by Ginny Tapley Takemori (Darf Publishers)

Kyoko Nakajima worked at a publishing firm and as a freelance writer before becoming a novelist in 2003 with her book Futon. Her novel The Little House was originally published as 小さなおうち (Chisai Ouchi) in 2010 by Bungei Shunju and won the 178th Annual Naoki Prize. The book was adapted into a major motion picture in 2014, starring Takako Matsu and directed by Kyoji Yamamoto. The book was translated into English by Ginny Tapley Takemori who also translated Sayaka Murata’s Convenience Store Woman (Asia by the Book, March 2018). 

The Little House is narrated by an elderly woman in her nineties named Taki who lives on her own in Ibaraki Prefecture. Her nephew and his family live nearby and they sometimes have dinner together. She has some savings and has her nephew invest in stocks on her behalf so she’s not hurting for money. She also lives frugally on her pension. 

Taki’s life changed two years ago when the daughter of her former employer’s daughter introduced her to a publisher she worked for and they produced Granny Taki’s Super Housework Book. Now an editor from the publisher has come to see Taki to discuss Taki’s next book. Taki says from the start that she doesn’t want to write about more household tips as she’s already covered that subject. 

The editor also says that they don’t want her to write about more household tips. She says, “We’d like you to talk about Tokyo in the old days, things that only you know about —your sense of the four seasons, your favorite dishes, social niceties, that sort of thing”. Taki doesn’t think it’s a bad idea, but from her perspective, “It’s just not quite what I’ve got in mind”. 

Taki feels she has more important things to write about. As a child, she lived in the Tohoku region of Japan, in Yamagata Prefecture. In the spring of 1930, Taki graduated from elementary school and immediately went into the service of a well-renowned author who lived in Tokyo. In the Showa era, it was not unusual for young girls from the country to move to Tokyo and work as maids.

Taki was the youngest of five siblings and all her elder sisters had already gone into service somewhere or other, the final destination not always being Tokyo. Although Taki didn’t see eye to eye with the young editor, she decided to keep a note of her experience of working in Tokyo before the outbreak of World War Two.

Taki never married and was a maid her whole life. She says her job “was effectively domestic training for young women pre-marriage”. She first worked for a renowned author but her employment with him was rather short-lived. 

Her most vivid memories of working in Tokyo were with the well-to-do Hirai family. She developed a close bond with her employer’s wife, Mistress Tokiko. Taki was also a nursemaid to their little son, Kyoichi.

As Taki continues to write about her time in Tokyo as best as her memory serves her, the book begins to read more like a diary than a personal biography. Most of her memories are happy ones but at times her nephew scoffs at what she writes.

Although she is writing about her experiences for herself, she soon realizes that she has a reader—her nephew. She becomes a little embarrassed but decides to continue writing and leaves her notebook where her nephew is bound to find it. 

The core of the story is about Taki’s life in Tokyo as a maid but Kyoko Nakajima makes it more interesting by blending the present with the past. Taki’s nephew seems to think he knows more about the history of pre and post-war Japan than his aunt. The interaction between Taki and her nephew draws the reader in until you are also lost in the nostalgia of the “good old days”. 

There is something comforting about listening to an elderly person speak of Japan at a time that we can only imagine. If only my Japanese skills were as good as they are now when my grandmother on my mother’s side was still alive, I would have loved to hear her stories about living in pre and post-war Japan even though she lived quite a distance away from Tokyo. ~Ernie Hoyt

What you are looking for Is in the Library by Michiko Aoyama, translated by Alison Watts (Penguin Books)

People go to the library for all sorts of reasons—to work on a research paper, to borrow the latest CD or DVD, to read the latest issue of certain magazines, and of course to check out books to read for pleasure. But what if you can’t find what you’re looking for? What if you don’t know what it is that you’re looking for. To answer those last two questions, you could consult with the resident reference librarian. 

In Michiko Aoyama’s book What you are looking for is in the library is set in in a neighborhood community center called Hattori Community House. It is located next to an elementary school and offers an array of classes and holds a number of events - “shogi, haiku, hula dancing, exercise classes, lots of flower-arranging classes and lectures on different topics”. 

Each chapter introduces the reader to a character who all have one thing in common. They find themselves going to Hattori Community House in Hattori Ward for one reason or another. They will also have one more thing in common. They are all introduced to the resident reference librarian, Sayuri Komachi. 

We are first introduced to Tomoka, a twenty-one year old woman who works as a sales assistant in the womenswear section in a general merchandise store called Eden. She moved to Tokyo from the country. The only reason she’s working at Eden is because it was the only place that accepted her. It wasn’t so much that she wanted to live and work in Tokyo, she just doesn’t want to go back to the country. 

She decides to take a computer class at the Hattori Community House, a community center in the ward where she lives. After class, the instructor tells Tomoko that there are no set books for learning how to use different programs but gives her a list of recommended books to check out. The instructor tells her she might enjoy looking in the library.

Tomoko goes over to the sign that reads “Reference,” peeks around the corner, and gets quite a shock! “The librarian is huge…I mean, like, really huge. But huge as in big, not fat. Her skin is super pale and you can’t even see where her chin ends and neck begins”. The librarian’s name is Sayuri Komachi.

We then meet Ryo, a thirty-five-year old accountant whose ambition is to run his own antiques shop. His girlfriend is Hina, one of the other students at the computer class who wants to open her own online store. We also meet Natsumi, a former magazine editor. She was a career woman who decided to have a child and thought she would be able to return to her former job and position only to find the reality was much different than what she imagined. 

We also meet Hiroya, a thirty-five-year old NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training). In other words, a slacker. And finally there is Masao, a sixty-five-year-old retired gentleman who doesn’t know what to do with his life now that he has more time on his hands. 

Libraries and bookstores are two places that I can spend hours in and never get bored. I don’t even have to be looking for anything in particular. Of course the big difference is you can borrow books for free at the library but if you find a title you want to read at the bookstore, you must buy it. 

I think it would be great if there were more people like Ms Komachi. She doesn’t judge anyone, she listens, then she hands the person a list of books that she believes might help them, even if some titles seem totally unrelated to what the person was searching for. 

If you’re an avid reader and love bookstores and libraries, this book will not disappoint. It will make you want to visit your local library at your earliest convenience. You may not find what you’re looking for but perhaps there will be a librarian like Ms. Komachi to guide you to some other worthwhile titles. ~Ernie Hoyt

Fish Swimming in Dappled Sunlight by Riku Onda, translated by Alison Watts (Bitter Lemon Press)

Riku Onda is the pen name for Nanae Kumagai, a Japanese writer whose novels The Aosawa Murders (Asia by the Book, January 2023) and Honeybees and Distant Thunder (Asia by the Book, July 2024) have been published in English in 2020 and 2023, respectively. 

Fish Swimming in Dappled Sunlight was originally published in the Japanese language with the title 木漏れ日に泳ぐ魚 (Komorebi ni Oyagu Sakana) in 2007 by Chuo-Koron Shinsha. It is a psychological thriller. The book was translated by Alison Watts who also translated her novel The Aosawa Murders. Watts has also translated Spark (Asia by the Book, April 2021) by Naoki Matayoshi and The Boy and the Dog (Asia by the Book, January 2024) by Seishu Hase. 

Fish Swimming in Dappled Sunlight is set in a small apartment in Tokyo over the course of one night. The main characters, Aki and Hiro, have decided to spend one last night together before going their separate ways. Their relationship had been going on a downhill slide since an incident that happened one year ago. They talk about it as if there is someone else listening to their thoughts and worries, as if they’re telling their stories directly to the reader. 

Aki and Hiro went on a hiking trip in the Japanese Alps in Nagano Prefecture along with an experienced mountain guide. However, on that trip, the guide mysteriously died. Aki believes that it was Hiro who killed him. Hiro believes that it was Aki who killed him. They are both going to try to get a confession before the night is over. Who is the murderer and why was he killed? 

Each chapter is told in the first person by Aki and Hiro and begins with Hiro talking about a photograph. What he’s about to share “is the story of a photo”. He says it’s also about “the mystery surrounding the death of a certain man, and a mountain tale as well. Plus, there’s the relationship aspect : the break-up of a couple. But the photo is at the heart of it”. 

Aki is also nervous about this evening. Ever since the incident happened, things haven’t been the same with either one of them. As Aki looks back on their life together in this apartment, she says, “That trip, and the death of that man, changed things forever for us”. Aki feels that for the past year, both of them had been walking on eggshells. She shares her thoughts about the two of them. 

“We were so close until that point, but those few days tore us apart”. It’s still hard to decipher why they drifted apart so much. Is it because they both suspect the other of having a hand in killing that man. Or was it something about the man that led them to the predicament they’re in. 

What really keeps the reader interested is the way Onda has Aki and Hiro taking turns talking about the incident. We learn when and where they met, and then we discover something much more surprising than the death of the mountain guide and why the man’s death had led to this evening. ~Ernie Hoyt

Cannibals by Shinya Tanaka, translated by Kalau Almony (Honford Star)

Shinya Tanaka is a Japanese writer who won Japan’s most prestigious literary prize, the Akutagawa Award for his novel 共食い (Tomogui), which has been translated into English as Cannibals. The story is set in 1989 and the main character, Toma Shinogaki, just turned seventeen. 

He lives with his father Madoka and his father’s partner Kotoko-san. His father is a philanderer, an alcoholic, and often beats the women he has sex with. Toma’s birth mother, Jinko-san, lives close by and runs a fish shop. 

They all live in a community called the Riverside, a place where not much happens and where people down on their luck seemed to have converged. The place also smells of raw sewage as the sewer system has not yet been completed. 

Jinko-san, the fishmonger is almost sixty and her right arm from the wrist down is gone. It was during the war when she lost it. She got pinned under her burning and collapsed house during an air raid. The riverside was an ocean of fire. “I traded one hand to keep my life,” she once told Toma.

The riverside was one of the places that didn’t get developed after the war “and the people who gathered there, intending only to temporarily avoid dire poverty, ended up stuck”. Toma’s father, Madoka, was one of those people.

His father met Kotoko-san at a bar where she worked and she came to live with the Shinogaki’s about a year earlier. It wasn’t until Kotoko-san started living with them that Madoka would start to hit her. 

Toma once asked, “Why don’t you break up with him? You scared of him?”. He was shocked and surprised at her response. She said to him, “He tells me I got a great body, and when he hits me he says it gets even more better. To Toma, she looked like “an incredibly stupid woman”. 

Toma has a girlfriend named Chigusa. At this point in the story, it’s actually hard to tell if Chigusa is really his girlfriend or just some girl that he has sex with. They have known each other since childhood as Chigusa also grew up in the Riverside. 

Lately, Toma has been thinking how much he is like his Dad. She tells him he’s not like his Dad, that he doesn’t hit her. However, Toma responds by saying, “It’s too late if I realize I’m like him after I hit you”. 

Recently, Toma’s father has been searching for a young man as he believes Kotoko-san is being unfaithful to him. The double standard of if’s okay for men to play around but a woman must stand by his man is alive and well in Japan in 1989. 

One day, Kotoko-san tells Toma that she’s pregnant with his father’s baby. This gets Toma thinking about his future. Will his father kick him out so Madoka can live with Kotoko-san and their baby? But Kotoko-san tells Toma that she plans to leave the Riverside. Toma has never thought about leaving and wonders if his father will try to find Kotoko-san if she really does leave. He also wonders if his father will come back. 

Chigusa and Toma also have a falling out after a sex bout where Toma starts choking her before he climaxes. He really believes he’s becoming like his father. Then one day, something happens that changes everything on the Riverside. 

Kotoko-san is gone. Chigusa has been waiting for Toma at the local shrine. And the children run to tell Toma that he must go see her. His father comes home and tells Toma that he’s sorry, that he couldn’t help himself, that he couldn’t find Kotoko-san and Chigusa just happen to be close by and he couldn’t control his urges…

Tanaka brings to life the gritty reality of living in near-poverty. His characters are far from likable, especially the father and son. The women are all treated as objects to have sex with and hurt. It’s a very disturbing reality but one that’s hard to ignore.

Thank God that this story is fiction. People like Madoka and Toma are the worst breed of humans. How some women can stay with abusive men is still a problem that plagues society today. In the end, Madoka gets what he deserves and Toma…well, that would be up to the reader to decide. ~Ernie Hoyt

Asa: The Girl Who Turned into a Pair of Chopsticks by Natsuko Imamura, translated by Lucy North (Faber & Faber)

Natsuko Imamura is a Japanese writer who won the 2019 Akugatagawa Prize for her novel The Woman in the Purple Skirt (Asia by the Book, December 2023) and has also won a number of other literary awards as well. Her latest book to be published in English is Asa : The Girl Who Turned Into a Pair of Chopsticks. Originally published in the Japanese language as 木になった亜沙 (Ki ni Natta Asa) which literally translates to “Asa who turned into a tree”. 

The book is a collection of three short stories. Asa : The Girl Who Turned Into a Pair of Chopsticks is the lead story. It is about a girl named Asa. When she was little she lived with her mother in a small apartment. One day Asa’s mother brought home a bag of sunflower seeds, tossed them in a frying pan and added a little salt. Asa tasted them for the first time and thought they were really delicious so she wanted to take some to share with her friends at daycare.

Asa called over her best friend Rumi and showed her what was in the paper bag she brought. She told Rumi they were sunflower seeds and that you could eat them. She also said they were really delicious. She offered some to Rumi and said to try them, but Rumi refused. Rumi was confused and asked why but Rumi just told her she didn’t want them, then pushed Asa’s hand away and went outside to jump rope. 

Even as Asa grew older, not one person would accept or eat anything that Asa made or offered. Her classmates began to shun her and she went from being totally ignored to becoming a bully. She was sent to a juvenile correctional center when she was still in middle school. She became a model inmate and before being released some of the other inmates talked her into going snowboarding with them. However, the other inmates left her alone at the top of the mountain and since she was a beginner, she went off course and hit a tree. 

When she came to, she saw a small raccoon dog and offered it a bit of chocolate that she had in her pocket. The raccoon dog sniffed the morsel but then turned and left. She started laughing at the top of her head and shouted, Nobody has ever accepted my food. Why? Somebody tell me! Why?”. Then she tasted something sweet from the tree. Some kind of fruit. Her last thought before giving out her final breath was “I want to become a tree. Let me become a tree”. If she were a tree that bears fruit, people would eat it. Although Asa did become a tree, she didn’t become a fruit tree, she became a cedar tree and cedar trees don’t bear fruit…

The second story is Nami, Who Wanted to Get Hit (and Eventually Succeeded). The final story is A Night to Remember. As with the first story, both start off quite normally but in Imamura’s world, normal doesn’t last long. Nami was a girl like any other but whenever someone tried to throw something at her—acorns, water balloons, a ball while playing dodgeball, she would never get hit. A Night to Remember centers on a girl who refuses to get up and walk. She thought that being a biped was a waste of time and was determined to spend as much time as possible not standing up. 

Bizarre, weird, or strange doesn’t come close to explaining any one of these three stories. Imamura has created a world where you may have a hard time distinguishing between reality and fantasy. By the end of the book, you may even question your own reality. ~Ernie Hoyt