The Last White Man by Mohsin Hamid (Riverhead Books)

When Anders awakens one morning to find that his body has turned “deep and undeniably brown,” he rushes to a mirror and sees an unrecognizable face staring back at him. The selfie he snaps and posts to a digital album goes unnamed by the algorithm that always knows who he is.. Anders has become a victim of the most severe identity theft. With a change in his skin color, he has become a different person.

Anders is a man whose body is his livelihood. His job is at a gym, where he works with other men who want his level of fitness. After days at home, he finally realizes whatever has taken place isn’t going away, that his persistent “looking for whiteness” in his face only proves that he no longer is white and never will be again. When he comes back to work, his boss tells him “I would have killed myself if it was me.”

Slowly rumors surface that other people are turning dark. At first the reports are rejected but then news from reliable sources confirms their truth. One man does indeed kill himself after he turns brown, the first case of a white man killing a dark man when both are trapped within the same body.

As more people transform, panic sets in. Those who remain white are convinced there will be a brown take-over. They empty store shelves in a sudden burst of hoarding. A white militia appears on the streets, armed and looking for people they perceive as threats, giving other white people a sense of optimism that whatever this calamity might be, it can be righted with enough extermination.

The night Anders goes for a walk with his girlfriend, they both realize the inherent peril of a brown man with a white girl when they come across a group of boys skipping rocks against a stream. The thrown rocks suddenly come closer to Anders and Oona, evoking fears of a public stoning. When Anders drives through town, he finds himself cautiously peering for danger at intersections, “like an herbivore.” Then the riots begin and everyone, white and dark, stays home, hiding from a force that can’t be stopped, lying “outside the control of human beings.” They lock themselves away from “ancient horrors awakening,” their lives now limited to their online presences and their conversations on phones. When they sleep, their dreams hold normalcy while life awake is the stuff nightmares are made of. Anders realizes he’s “doubly, triply imprisoned, in his skin, in this house, in his town.”

Subtly Mohsin Hamid takes his narrative away from the echoes of Kafka’s Metamorphosis and the hints of the savage stoning in Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery. His novel that begins as a fantasy turns into an allegory that everyone will recognize. As life grows tighter and more confined, as trust in other people becomes a luxury and hoarding a fact of life, as hysteria takes shape in “the sound of anarchy or revolution,” and the “final chaos” described in Revelations seems to be at hand, the death and terror of the past Covid years close in once again. We remember altering our lives to escape the infection and hoping for “progress in discovering ways to undo the horror.”

Like Anders, many of us asked ourselves the same question of how much did we want to live, slowly learning to “abandon confinement and grow.” Venturing out of our protective spaces, “pale people who wandered like ghosts,” we took our places in “a country in mourning, that had taken a battering,” “trying to find …footing in a situation so familiar yet so strange.”

The Last White Man is our century’s version of Katherine Anne Porter’s Pale Horse, Pale Rider. It’s a fable that mocks racism and an allegory of the world’s impotence against the threats posed by viruses. Hamid’s happy ending does nothing to dispel the claustrophobic memories this book evokes--or the fear of “another tidal wave” that can once again stop life as we prefer to live it, with the speed and force of a sneeze.~Janet Brown

No Longer Human by Osamu Dazai translated by Donald Keene (Tuttle)

Osamu Dazai is a Japanese author and is also the pen name of Shuji Tsushima who was born and raised in the small town of Kanagi, located in Aomori Prefecture. He would gain recognition among the literati after the publication of his 1947 novel The Setting Sun. The book was translated into English by Donald Keene, an American scholar and Japanologist who moved to Japan after the 2011 earthquake and became a Japanese citizen. 

Keene is also the translator for No Longer Human, Dazai’s semi-autobiographical novel which was first published in Japanese with the title Ningen Shikaku in 1948. The book was translated into English in 1958. Keene writes in his introduction that the literal translation of Ningen Shikkaku is “disqualified as a human being”. 

The story is about a young man named Yozo Oba. He is a man who has trouble expressing himself to others. He has “a mortal dread of human beings” but is “unable to renounce their society”. In order to deal with his fears and insecurities, he refines the art of being a clown and making people laugh. 

In high school Yozo befriends a classmate named Takeichi who sees through his antics. This creates a fear in Yozo’s mind so he deems that the best way to deal with potential problems is to make Takeichi his friend. Then he wouldn’t be able to tell the other classmates that Yozo's hilarious antics are nothing more than a farce. 

Although Yozo wants to go to art school, his father sends him to a regular university. More often than not, Yozo skips his classes. He does go to one art class where he meets Masao Horiki. 

Horiki will be a major influence on Yozo’s life, introducing him to alcohol, women, and general debauchery. Yozo gets involved with a married woman who also has a bleak outlook on life. They decide to commit a double suicide by drowning themselves in the sea. The woman dies but Yozo survives. 

Yozo is then expelled from the university and finds himself living with a family friend. Still, Yozo doesn’t see the errors of his ways. He runs away from the house and finds refuge with a single mother. He continues to drink and falls into a deeper hole as he still fears society as a whole. He runs away from this as well and ends up living with an older woman who works at a bar. His fear of humanity continues to haunt him and he becomes an excessive drinker. 

He gets involved with a young woman named Yoshiko who asks him to stop drinking. They get married and true to his word, Yozo stops drinking and even starts making money by drawing pictures for various magazines. Just when things are looking better, Horiki comes to visit him and Yozo relapses into his old ways. 

Yozo becomes an alcoholic, then gets addicted to morphine, and finally is committed to an asylum. He spends three months there before he is released by his older brother and family friend with the promise of him leaving Tokyo immediately and living in the country in a house provided by his older brother. He is now twenty-seven but says “people will take me for over forty”. 

Dazai’s Yozo Obo is the epitome of someone who fears society and yet cannot free himself from it. Everyday is a struggle just to live and survive. The story is written in the first person and separated into three different notebooks, covering Yozo’s life from his childhood until his mid-twenties. 

Yozo’s overwhelming inferiority complex and lack of self-esteem leads him on a downward spiral into hanging out with prostitutes and drowning himself in alcohol. But does this really disqualify him from being human? ~Ernie Hoyt

Secrets from My Vietnamese Kitchen: Simple Recipes from My Many Mothers by Kim Thuy (Penguin Random House Canada)

“I depend on food to express as best I can my unconditional love.” novelist Kim Thuy says in the introduction to her cookbook. Although she herself is an accomplished cook who gave up a career as a lawyer to open a restaurant in Montreal, Thuy gives full credit to her mother and her “aunt-mothers” for the recipes that fill the pages of Secrets from My Vietnamese Kitchen. They are the women who taught her that food is love, “a tool for expressing our emotions.”

While most cookbooks introduce a particular cuisine and culture, Thuy’s introduces her family, beginning with her husband and two sons for whom she makes three separate meals every day between 3 and 8 o’clock, and then presenting her culinary lodestars, her mother and her five aunts.

Portraits of these stunning women introduce each section of the cookbook, beginning with The Fundamentals and ending with Desserts and Snacks. Their strong, beautiful faces and their brief introductory stories give this book an extraordinary dimension: the mother who “very easily gained a degree in aeronautical technology during our first years in Canada,” the aunt “who waited for her husband for ten years,” the aunt who kept her composure during a difficult divorce by silently conjugating French verbs, the rebellious aunt who found success in the United States, the aunt who lacks the ability to live alone but who has mastered “the art of conversation better than any of her sisters,” the aunt who is “the eternal beauty.” Thuy herself appears only at the very end, a dazzlingly radiant and “infinitely impatient” eater of desserts, with a self-description of ”Me, I tell stories.”

It’s difficult to draw attention away from these women but the lessons they teach their readers are equal to that task. No detail is ignored nor previous knowledge assumed--cook rice noodles in cold water and turn off the heat as soon as the water boils; when cooking fish with turmeric, use “three times as much dill as fish;” serve heaping platters of vegetables, raw and cooked, with almost every meal; use a spray bottle filled with warm water to moisten and soften soften rice paper wrappers. And don’t forget the fish sauce, without which “most Vietnamese couldn’t cook, couldn’t EXIST,” or the fresh herbs that “leave a memory of their perfume long afterward…like a lover’s kiss.”

A bounty of soups, including one that’s made more rapidly than packaged instant ramen, one-dish meals of stir-fries and noodle bowls, vegetables that become the stars of any dining table, the hazardous and irresistible delights of fried food and the savory pleasures of grilled snacks, “slow-cooked” meals that rarely take more than an hour before they’re on the table; desserts that almost always feature fruit as the main ingredient—all of these are presented in tempting and uncomplicated recipes that range from summer food to hearty warming dishes for cold weather.

And of course there are the stories. In the middle of a war, while still living in Vietnam, Thuy’s father often made a dangerous four-hour drive to have coffee with his grandfather, coffee that was made from the beans eaten by foxes and excreted whole from their bellies. Thuy’s Saigon childhood was filled with the music of bells, announcing vendors who nestled scoops of ice cream within a small brioche--a gourmet’s version of an ice cream sandwich. She tells how her mother made dumplings in a refugee camp, rolling out the dough on the rusty metal cover of a water barrel, and how in the camp her entire family once shared a bag filled with a cold and sweet soft drink, passing it from hand to hand so that each of the thirteen people had three tastes from the single straw inserted in the closed bag.

When Thuy’s first novel, Ru, received Canada’s Scotia Bank Giller Prize, the Giller jury praised her for “reinventing the immigrant story.” She quickly corrected them, saying she writes refugee literature. “Refugee and immigrant are different. A refugee is someone ejected from his or her past, who has no future…in a refugee camp you live outside of time.”

Her novels all convey that state of timelessness in its truest dizzying sense, a dream-like quality that gives her stories the opaque and distant feeling of  being “stateless, part of nothing.” Although Thuy’s fiction draws heavily upon her escape from Vietnam on a hardscrabble boat, her nights of sleeping in a cobbled-together shelter in a refugee camp, her time as a lawyer in Hanoi, her days as a restaurateur, and her mothering of an autistic child, she weaves her life into narratives that avoid sentiment or emotion, books that feel almost flattened in their straightforward and compressed plots. 

It’s within this book, through the faces and the food of her mothers, that she reveals bright flashes of who she is and where she comes from. Not quite a memoir, not only a cookbook, these secrets from a kitchen are nourishing on a number of different levels. They remind North American readers that we all are descended from refugees, people whose differences have  made our countries vibrant and our food choices delicious.~Janet Brown

Heaven by Mieko Kawakami, translated by Sam Bett and David Boyd (Picador) Heaven by Mieko Kawakami, translated by Sam Bett and David Boyd (Picador)

From the author of the bestselling book Breasts and Eggs (Asia by the Book, November 2021) comes Mieko Kawakami’s second novel to be translated into English. Heaven was originally published in Japanese in 2009 with the title of Hevun. The English version was translated by Sam Bett and David Boyd.

Heaven centers around two fourteen-year-old junior high school students. The time is 1991. The boy is nicknamed “Eyes” by his classmates as he has a lazy eye. He describes his condition as “what my right struggled to see was part of what my left eye saw. Because everything had its blurry double, nothing had any depth”. 

The girl, Kojima, also has a nickname. Her classmates call her “Hazmat”. Kojima was “short, with kind of dark skin. She never talked at school. Her shirt was always wrinkled, and her uniform looked old. The girls in her class picked on her for being poor and dirty.”

Both students are the victims of ijime or bullying. Japan’s Ministry of Education defines ijime as a “physical or psychological aggression on someone weaker, which is detrimental to them.” Ninomiya is the leader of the pack of bullies. He is one of the most popular students in the school. He is also one of the top students at the school. His right hand man is Momose. 

Kojima reaches out to Eyes by sending him notes. Eyes at first believe the notes were left by Ninomiya or one of his cohorts. Around the beginning of May, Eyes receives a note that says “I want to see you”. Eyes fears going to the spot as mentioned in the note but is afraid of not going even more. He has no doubt in his mind that if he shows up, Ninomiya and his pals will give him the beating of a lifetime. 

Imagine Eyes' surprise as there is no Ninomiya or any of his friends waiting for him. Instead, sitting there with her back to him is a girl in her school uniform. It is Kojima. She befriends Eyes because she thinks that they are of the same mind. She feels that being bullied makes them stronger as people. Kojima and Eyes become close, however their only common bond is that they let themselves be bullied and don’t do anything about it. 

In one of the worst bullying episodes Ninomiya and his friends stick a cut volleyball over Eyes’ head and start to play “human soccer”.  Eyes gets a total thrashing as he is continually kicked in the head. He is left beaten and bleeding in a deserted auditorium. After Ninomiya and his friends have their fun, they tell Eyes that he should clean up himself and leave the premises a half-hour later. Meanwhile, Kojima watches the entire incident but doesn’t report it. 

At the hospital, Eyes sees and confronts Momose about the bullying. Momose says that bullying Eyes has nothing to do with his lazy eye. In fact, if it wasn’t him, it would be someone else they would bully. He sums up his own philosophy by telling Eyes, “People do what they can get away with”. 

The book stays with you long after you have finished. It often makes you angry and also makes you feel helpless. The senseless violence bestowed on Eyes and Kojima is more than just a little disturbing. It borders on the edge of brutality. I believe Kawakami makes the ending a bit vague and leaves it up to the reader to imagine what the fate of Ninomiya, Momose, and Kojima is like.  

Bullying continues to be one of the major problems occurring in schools throughout Japan. It doesn’t seem to matter how many times a teenage suicide due to bullying is featured in the news for the education system to change. Teachers and schools continue to ignore the cries of students who are being bullied, often hiding and or changing the facts to protect the school’s reputation and to deny any responsibility for the act. Although I've never been bullied myself, I definitely want the schools, the teachers, and the Board of Education to do an even better job than they are doing now. ~Ernie Hoyt

69 Sixty-Nine by Ryu Murakami translated by Ralph M. McCarthy (Kodansha)

Long before Haruki Murakami came on to Japan’s literacy scene and gained international recognition, there was Ryu Murakami. He was born in Sasebo, Nagasaki on Japan’s southernmost main island of Kyushu. His best known works which have been translated into English include his first novel Almost Transparent Blue, Audition, Coin Locker Babies (Asia by the Book, July 2024) and In the Miso Soup.

69 Sixty-Nine is his semi-autobiographical coming-of-age novel and was first published in the Japanese language in 1987. The English version was first published in 1993 and translated by Ralph M. McCarthy. McCarthy has also translated the works of another famous Japanese novelist, Osamu Dazai, namely Self Portraits and Blue Bamboo, both of which are collections of short stories. 

The story is narrated by thirty-two-year-old Kensuke Yazaki, currently a writer living in Tokyo. He is reliving his third and final year of high school when he was seventeen years old. The year was 1969. It was the year “student uprisings shut down Tokyo University. The Beatles put out The White Album, Yellow Submarine, and Abbey Road, The Rolling Stones released their greatest single, Honkey Tonk Woman, and people known as hippies wore their hair long and called for love and peace.”

Yazaki’s character is inspired by the life of Murakami himself. Murakami formed a band called Coelacanth and played drums. He and his friends barricaded the rooftop of their high school and he was detained in his house for three months after the school incident. Yazaki would be the mastermind of all these exploits as well. 

Yazaki has two really good friends that share in his escapades. His closest friend is Tadashi Yamada who speaks with an ultra-dialect as he grew up in the country in a coal mining town. His nickname is Adama because he looks like a French singer named Adamo. Adama is usually the voice of reason. When Yazaki has one of his hair-brained ideas, it’s usually Adama that makes the ideas plausible and possible. 

Yazaki and Adama are joined by Manabu Iwase. This trio of disaffected youths are only looking to have a good time. They want to listen to rock music, talk about foreign films and protest America’s involvement in the Vietnam war. But what Yazaki and most seventeen-year-old adolescents want is to get laid. 

They claim to be anti-establishment and want to mimic the revolutionary students of Tokyo and other big cities in their backwater town of Sasebo which houses a United States military base. Yazaki has big plans for his final year in high school. Him and his friends are organizing a school festival which they have titled “The Morning Erection Festival”. 

To put it mildly, Kensuke Yazaki is the Holden Caulfield of Japan. Murakami’s novel of growing up in the sixties, in 1969, as a seventeen-year-old high school student is reminiscent of J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye. However, Murakami’s Yazaki makes Holden Caulfield look like an angel. Yazaki’s antics and attitude are bigger than life, and although he has friends who will do almost anything for him, he is first and foremost, a selfish bastard who only thinks about himself and about getting into the pants of the girl of his dreams. 

You can’t help but be reminded of your own high school years as a seventeen-year-old when you think you know everything and don’t have a care in the world. It’s hard to fault Yazaki for his actions. Even I remember doing things that were stupid and dangerous (although I won’t admit to what they were). Everybody goes through growing pains and surviving high school is just one tiny aspect of that. If you made it into adulthood without any problems, then looking back on high school can be a pleasant exercise in nostalgia. ~Ernie Hoyt

Em by Kim Thuy, translated by Sheila Fischman (Seven Stories Press)

When “truth is fragmented is it still the truth?” How is it possible to  encompass all the different truths contained in a war? Kim Thuy takes the stories told to her by others, the histories she’s read, and her own childhood memories to reconstruct the war that turned her into a refugee by the time she was ten. But, she says, “Memory is a faculty of forgetfulness.” It cloaks brutal truths with the vagueness that lends itself to myths and fables. 

In concise chapters that are spread over only 148 pages, Thuy presents true facts of the Vietnam/American war as seen through characters who appear and swiftly vanish, people of tragedy and coincidence. The improbability of their stories softens the brutal reality of the truth. A Saigon woman who has been recruited as a guerrilla to kill a French planter falls in love with him, bears his child, and dies with him in their plantation that’s become a combat zone. Their daughter is taken to My Lai during a school holiday by a servant who came from there. The girl goes to sleep in a veil of privilege, wakes up to the sound of killing, and is rescued from a pit of corpses. Later the child she abandons is picked up by a street orphan. Years afterward these two children meet in another world, another life, and find a happy ending together. 

This narrative is as improbable and magical as the frothiest of Shakespeare’s plays. It has to be. Interwoven with the fantastic is the history of the coolies who tapped the sap of rubber trees, exiles from China and India who labored beside their Vietnamese counterparts and died from the heavy workload; the testimony of a man who took part in the My Lai massacre, saying “I was told to kill anything that moved;” the moment that an American plane holding Vietnamese orphans exploded on the runway, killing 78 babies, with the 178 surviving children put on the next plane in Operation Babylift. It tells how the actress Tippi Hedren launched manicure training classes for newly arrived women from Vietnam, creating a global industry in which Vietnamese control half of the market, making a living while breathing in toxic fumes. 

One chapter gives a glossary of French words that became part of the Vietnamese language, while the most commonly used Vietnamese word that entered French was con gai, that meant both girl and prostitute. Another tells how a homogeneous country became diverse, through the children who were never known by the foreign soldiers who impregnated their mothers. 

“Naked, the earth was no longer a dance floor for sun and leaves,” Thuy says before describing the rainbow of toxins, not only orange but green, pink, purple, and blue herbicides that descended in deadly clouds and ricocheted backward so “the sprayers were also the sprayed.” She describes pho in delicious detail and then tells how hungry street children waited to drain the leavings from bowls of it after customers had walked away. She enumerates the official numbers of dead and wounded American and Vietnamese soldiers, while asking “why no list included the numbers of orphans, of widows, of aborted dreams, of broken hearts.”

“I tried to interweave the threads, but they escaped, and remain unanchored, impermanent, and free,” Thuy says as she nears the end of her novel. What she has made from that elusive fabric has the force and agony of PIcasso’s Guernica, wrapped in the deceptive sweetness of a fairy tale.~Janet Brown

Clark and Division by Naomi Hirahara (Soho Press)

When Aki and her parents get off the train in Chicago, a city they’ve never seen before, they’re greeted with the news that Rose, the family’s oldest daughter,  won’t be there to meet them. On the day before, Rose died. It’s suicide, the police tell them. She leaped into the path of an approaching subway train. 

Newly released from the California internment camp of Manzanar, the Ito family is overwhelmed with culture shock as well as grief. Rose had been the family leader, beautiful, smart, and confident. She was the one who became active in the JACL, the Japanese American Citizens League, after the Itos had been sent to Manzanar and she was one of the first to be released from internment. She had found a job in Chicago and a place for her family to live as soon as they were allowed to follow her. Now she’s dead, leaving her younger sister to take her place.

Aki refuses to believe that Rose killed herself. As soon as her family settles into their new apartment, she begins to track down the people who had known her sister, the ones who might help to explain the circumstances around her death. In her search, she discovers dark depths to the recently established Japanese population and urban corruption that appears to be untouchable.

Clark and Division is a gripping mystery, a rite of passage story, and a journey into past history that’s illuminating and shocking. Naomi Hirahara is a journalist as well as an Edgar Award-winning novelist and the research she’s done for her latest book is deep and revealing, disclosing facts that have been ignored.

Even before the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor sent Japanese Americans to internment camps, the discrimination against them was crippling. Those who had been born in Japan, the Issei, were unable to buy or lease land in Los Angeles. White women, as well as American-born Nisei women, who married Issei men were stripped of their U.S. citizenship. After war had been declared on Japan, Executive Order 9066 in 1942 demanded the removal of all Japanese residents, “alien and non-alien,” from California, Washington, Oregon, and parts of Arizona, where the city of Phoenix was split in half to facilitate the emptying  of Japanese neighborhoods. Japanese, Issei or Nisei, who had been educated in Japan were sent to Department of Justice detention centers. All others went to one of the ten internment camps where blocks of barracks held families, with separate Children’s Villages constructed for orphans. 

As the need for cheap labor became acute, by 1943 “loyal” Japanese were released to take jobs vacated by the men who had gone off to war. Even then they weren’t allowed to return home. They were banned from the Western Military Zone and were sent to midwestern and eastern cities that needed laborers and had a scant Japanese population. This resettlement was overseen by the War Relocation Authority which aided the new arrivals with housing, employment, and education, while demanding that the Japanese congregate in public only in groups of no more than three.  In private, they were crammed into subdivided rooms in apartments and small studios, with often as many as six people in a single room.

Although World War Two ended in September, 1945, the last internment camp wasn’t closed until seven months later. The scars left behind by the internment are widely overlooked and the facts about the enforced creation of Japanese communities in cities like Chicago have been buried for the past eighty years.  At the same time that Naomi Hirahara has Aki uncover the truth behind her sister’s death, she skillfully reveals hidden corners of American history, with a back-of-the-book list of resources for readers to use in their own research. Let’s hope for Aki’s appearance in books yet to come that will disclose buried history while unfolding more of her own compelling story.~Janet Brown

The Japanese Lover by Rani Manicka (Hodder & Stoughton)

Rani Manicka is a Malaysian writer of Indian descent. The Japanese Lover is her third novel which was first published in 2009. It is set in Malaysia but begins on the island of Ceylon, present-day Sri Lanka. 

The story opens with a young writer visiting Marimuthu Mami at her home in Kuala Lumpur. Marimuthu Mami is currently ninety-two years old. The visiting author is interested in hearing Marimuthu’s life story. What the writer is most interested in was Marimuthu Mami’s experience during the Japanese Occupation of Malaya. 

But Marimuthu Mami doesn’t want to remember the past. “Speak about the past, here in her daughter’s home? After she had finally mastered the art of forgetting things”. Her children would be surprised to know how much she does remember,  “how deeply rooted it was in her chest. She remembered all of it, every precious detail. They thought the past was dead because she never talked about it.” 

And so begins the epic story of Marimuthu Mami. She is born in a small town in North Ceylon in 1916. Her mother has given birth to five sons. She is the family’s first daughter. A priest is present when she’s born. As soon as she’s out of her mother’s womb, he notes the exact time and casts her horoscope. He tells the father “The child is destined to marry a man of truly immense wealth. But the marriage will be a disaster”. 

She is named Parvathi and when she’s at the tender age of sixteen, her marriage to a wealthy forty-two-year-old widow living in Malaya is arranged. Before leaving for her new home and new life, Parvathi goes to a temple to pray with her mother. What her mother doesn’t know is that Parvathi “had not been praying for a good husband and family but for the greatest love in the world, for one who would unthinkingly put his hand into fire for her.” 

When Parvathi meets her soon-to-be husband, he is very displeased. Her father had sent the man a picture of a different girl. Kasu Marimuthu, her husband’s name, says he will send Parvathi back to her father the following day. 

The next day, Kasu Marimuthu is asked a favor by one of his servants, a large woman named Maya. She says to him, “I understand that you are unable to show the shape of your heart to your wife, but it is not right to leave the shape of your foot on hers.” 

Maya is not just a servant, she is a healer, a shaman, someone who seems to have more power and understanding of the world than any rich tycoon or temple priest. Her words have such an effect on Kasu Marimuthu that he does not send Parvathi home. He lets her stay for a few more days. Days turn into months, months turn into years, and he has children with Parvathi. Maya also becomes Parvathi’s biggest influence and confidante. Maya seems to be a fountain of wisdom but never condescends to anyone. 

It isn’t until more than half-way through the book where the Japanese invade Malaya and Hattori-san comes into Parvathi’s life. By this time, her husband had passed away due to an illness. The Japanese have requisitioned her house and In order to save her daughters from sexual slavery, Parvathi willingly becomes Hattori-san’s comfort woman, a woman used to satisfy the sexual desires of the Imperial Japanese Army. The more time Parvathi spends with Hattori-san, the love she prayed for seems to be within her grasp. 

Unlike in Manicka’s first novel, The Rice Mother, (Asia by the Book, May 2022), the atrocities committed by the Japanese army are overlooked and Maya is overused as a proponent for New Age ideology. However, these are minor negative points in this story about love, passion, deceit, and acceptance. ~Ernie Hoyt

In Other Words by Jhumpa Lahiri, translated by Ann Goldstein (Vintage Books)

Native speakers of English are often crippled by the belief that learning another language is a matter of choice, something to “take.” French, Spanish, sometimes German--one of these is chosen in high school, flirted with in college, “picked up” in the way one might get a bad cold, and rapidly forgotten. Dimly students understand that fluency will only come with total immersion but few realize how disorienting that process will be. It is, Jhumpa Lahiri explains, a matter of risk and discipline, an abandonment of one culture for another, a kind of baptism that holds the threat of drowning.

Lahiri has two languages as a child, the Bengali that’s spoken at home and the English that she needs for the world outside, once she turns four. Her parents resist English, clinging to the language of their native culture. Lahiri becomes a double exile in a linguistic quandary. Her imperfect Bengali fails to connect her to a place she has never lived in and her perfect English fails to give her a place of belonging in either her birthplace (London) or her country of residence (the U.S.). It’s a precarious place for a child to stand in and Lahiri finds her refuge in reading and writing English words. “I belonged only to my words…to no country, no specific culture.” “Writing,” she says, “makes me feel present on earth.”

Then she falls in love with Italian, a language that seems to have chosen her rather than the other way around. Dizzied by the notion of choice, she takes lessons that will allow her to speak. She chooses to read only books written in Italian. She moves to Rome and becomes “a word hunter,” with her vocabulary notebook slowly measuring her progress. But this isn’t enough. To feel present in Italy, Lahiri begins to write in Italian. 

At first this is like “writing with my left hand,” she admits, an activity “so arduous it seems sadistic.” For the first time in her life, she has found a language that gives her the “freedom to be imperfect,” but as a writer, she refuses to take comfort in that freedom. She begins to show her Italian writing to those who will correct and guide her, Slowly she turns away from her “dominant language,” the one in which she won a Pulitzer Prize and a Presidential medal conferred upon her by Barack Obama. She abandons English to the point that when she wrote this book, it was originally published as In altre parole. When it appeared as In Other Words, Lahiri insisted that it would be published in both Italian and English, with the translation done by someone other than herself. She knew that as a writer who had an expert command of English, she would be compelled to improve upon what she had written in Italian. Instead her translator kept the raw and unpolished thoughts that Italian had conveyed upon Lahiri, with the Italian text on one page and the English translation facing it.

The translated sentences are like ungainly pieces of furniture. They aren’t smooth--in fact they come in fragments, carrying splinters. They lack grace and are often clunky. They hold immeasurable courage, written by a woman who has stepped away from her literary fame, embraced imperfection and found a different way to be alive. . “I remain, in Italian, an ignorant writer,” Lahiri says, but she’s one that’s discovered the art of metamorphosis, a transformation that can be terrifying but is an act of rebellion and release. Through another language, Lahiri has left exile and chosen a new form, one that she exercises with freedom and generosity.~Janet Brown

Soul Mountain by Gao Xingjian (Flamingo)

Gao Xingjian is the first Chinese writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2000, two years after he became a French citizen. His novel Soul Mountain, first published as Lingshan in Taiwan in 1990, was partly inspired by his own experiences of traveling to rural China after mistakenly being diagnosed as having lung cancer. It was first published in English in 2000 in Australia and was translated from the Chinese by Mabel Lee. 

There are two main characters who are only referred to as the pronouns “You” and “I”. It’s difficult to distinguish if these characters are one and the same. The reader may wonder if “You” means the person reading the story or if it's a manifestation of an imaginary self to hold conversations with.  

“You” finds himself in a small mountain town in the South. “You” is not exactly sure why he is even here. He explains that it was by pure chance that another person on a train sitting opposite of “You” mentioned that he was going to a place called Lingshan. The man explains that ling means “spirit” or “soul” and shan means “mountain”. 

“You’d been to a lot of places, visited lots of famous mountains, but had never heard of this place.” “You” becomes intrigued with this place that’s located at the source of the You River, another place “You” has never heard of. “You” asks what’s there, “Scenery? Temples? Historic Sites?” only to be told that it’s all virgin wilderness. 

On his journey “You” encounters a woman, only referred to as “She”. They become travel companions and as they become closer, “You” entertains “She” by telling her stories that he just makes up as they journey towards the mountain. 

We are then introduced to “I” who was diagnosed with lung cancer. While “You” goes in search of Lingshan, “I” is mistakenly diagnosed with lung cancer. At first, “I” is resigned to his fate as his father suffered the same outcome. However, once the error is discovered, “I” felt “Death was playing a joke on me but now that I’ve escaped the demon wall, I am secretly rejoicing”. 

“I” is an academic and after being misdiagnosed he decides to take a break from city life. “I” feels he “should have left those contaminated surroundings long ago and returned to nature to look for this authentic life”. It is “I”’s journey that makes up the autobiographical part of the story as “I” travels to the Sichuan province that lies along the Yangtze river to the coast. During his travels, “I” will meet minor ethnic groups such as the Qiang, Miao, and the Yi who are also known by the name Lolo. 

To be honest, I found Xingjian’s style of writing difficult to follow as it is hard to know who exactly are the protagonists. The blending of folklore, travel essay, history and anthropology are mixed into one smorgasbord of a story that seems to have no definitive plot and wanders all over the place. Is this part of the narrative or is it another story that “You” or “I” is making up? If existential psycho-babble is your thing, you might enjoy this. If not, it’s going to be a very difficult read. ~Ernie Hoyt

Every Grain of Rice: Simple Chinese Home Cooking by Fuchsia Dunlop (W. W. Norton & Company)

A couple of centuries ago, a British diplomat decided the Chinese were “foul feeders and eaters of garlic and other strong-scented vegetables.” Even nowadays, when nutritionists extol the Mediterranean Diet, the Okinawa Diet, and the eating habits practiced by long-lived peasants of the Caucasus Mountains, “Chinese food” is firmly linked in the Western mind with MSG, cornstarch, and fortune cookies. 

British writer Fuchsia Dunlop has spent much of her life debunking this misconception. A food anthropologist of sorts, she fell in love with the food of Sichuan when she was studying in Chengdu and went on to explore the varied cuisines of Chinese regional cooking.  While concentrating on the food of Sichuan (Land of Plenty) and Hunan (Revolutionary Chinese Cookbook), Dunlop has traveled widely throughout China--and wherever she’s been, she’s talked to people about the food they eat and how they cook it. The result of her odyssey is embodied in Every Grain of Rice, a book that’s as much a work of travel literature and a health manual as it is an encyclopedia of recipes and cooking techniques. 

Throughout Chinese history, people have been guided by the words of the philosopher Mencius, who advised “Do not disregard the farmer’s seasons and food will be more than enough,” two millennia before Michael Pollan ‘s famous maxim “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.” During her travels, Dunlop, who comes from the land of boiled cabbage and mushy peas, is struck by the preponderance of vegetables in the dishes she eats, all of them made delicious by the flavors they’ve been given. From Beijing to Guangzhou and through the regions in between, meat and fish are used sparingly in everyday meals, almost as condiments that provide a side note of flavor. “It’s interesting,” Dunlop observes, “ to see how modern dietary advice often echoes the age-old precepts of the Chinese table: eat plenty of grains and vegetables and not much meat, reduce consumption of animal fats and eat very little sugar.” Spartan? Stringent? Time-consuming? Not at all. Dunlop describes food that takes “only fifteen minutes to make but is beautiful enough to launch ships,” “with flavors that still amaze me.” 

The secret lies in buying fresh ingredients, collecting an arsenal of flavors to construct a Chinese pantry, which Dunlop carefully explicates, and mastering a few simple techniques which she shows step-by-step in clear photographs. Then the fun begins. 

When was the last time you read a cookbook with an entire section devoted to leafy greens, another to garlic and chives? Have you ever prepared cucumbers or celery or radishes to take center stage in a hot dish? Or cooked with lily bulbs? Or used only two ounces of meat as part of a meal? Dunlop makes all of this enticing, easy, and healthful too--who knew?

As she finds food, she describes the beauty of the countryside: the piercing green of rice fields and bamboo groves in Zhejiang, the dizzying scent of osmanthus blossoms in Hangzhou where the blooms are gathered and used to sweeten meals, the mountainsides of Southern China where “every spare inch is sown with crops.” She tells how strangers happily share their recipes with her when she stops on the street to ask what they’re eating, with stories of the meals she ate while “hanging out with some artist friends and a bunch of local gangsters.” She delves into culinary history in a story of how pirates in centuries past decided who among a ship’s passengers was worth robbing by observing how their prospective victims ate fish. She’s clearly enchanted with the Chinese names for vegetables which turn kohlrabi into “jade turnip” and bean sprouts into “silver sprouts,” transform broccoli into “flower vegetables from the Southwest” and aptly call chard “ox leather greens.” And while she gives rice all the honor that is its due, she warns not to leave it out within four hours of it being cooked nor to keep it for more than three days after preparing it, even if it’s refrigerated. Food poisoning is a distinct possibility for those who ignore her advice.

Even potatoes, those mainstays of Western kitchens, take on a tempting new guise as stir-fried mashed potatoes with “snow vegetable” (preserved mustard greens), made in minutes from leftovers. For devotees of Westernized Chinese food such as the ubiquitous Kung Pao Chicken, Dunlop offers Gong Pao Chicken, the honest-to-god Sichuan original dish as it’s eaten in Chengdu--made with two chicken breasts and ingredients that bring tons of flavor.

Augmenting Dunlop’s recipes and stories are gorgeous photographs of almost every dish, taken by Chris Terry, each one guaranteed to send readers into their kitchens with a bunch of spinach or garlic scapes in hand. Bring on the Chinese Diet--and viva Fuchsia Dunlop!~Janet Brown

T is for Tokyo by Irene Akio (ThingsAsian Press)

Irene Akio was born in Japan but grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan with her mother and brother. In her youth, she spent time in Japan with her father and her Japanese side of the family. 

T is for Tokyo is an excellent introduction to the city for kids who have an interest in all things Japanese. In the book, Mina asks her father to tell her again about the city she was born in. He tells her it’s “a city halfway around the world where they speak a different language and eat different kinds of food”. Mina was born in a city called Tokyo.

He tells her about the archers called shashu, about shrines with pagodas. He tells her one of the most famous shrines is Meiji Jingu which is located in the center of the city. He says to her, you can go to temples “where you think you traveled back in time”. 

He tells her about the ravens that sometimes snatch food right from your hands and about the fashion center for young girls and boys called Harajuku where “they wear crazy and colorful costumes and you feel like you are in the future”. 

Mina’s father also tells her about the different kinds of food people eat. In the winter, you can warm your insides by buying roasted chestnuts. You can look for ramen noodle shops by searching for a red lamp called aka chouchin. Or if you’re not in the mood for ramen, you could try takoyaki which are little balls filled with octopus. Or you can buy onigiri, rice balls wrapped in seaweed, at almost any convenience store. 

Mina’s father also talks about the most ordinary things you can find in Tokyo—large green public telephones, bright red mailboxes, small police buildings called koban. He also talks about ordinary things you can only find in Tokyo, the maneki neko or beckoning cat, daruma which are wish dolls, and tengu which are demons with long noses. Everything Mina’s father talks about is colorfully illustrated and will be easy for children and adults to understand. 

Many of the things Mina’s father tells her can be found throughout Japan, shrines and temples, the police box, the ravens, and the different types of food.  Although I wasn’t born in Japan, I grew up in Tokyo during my elementary years. I have a Japanese mother so I can attest to the accuracy of Mina’s father’s descriptions of the things you can see and do in Tokyo. As an adult, I also spent twenty-one years living in one of the busiest areas of Tokyo, Shibuya, before moving north to Aomori City in 2016. 

I was surprised that Mina’s father mentions a park near her grandmother’s house which is famous for its cherry trees but neglects to mention that it also houses one of Japan’s most popular zoos where you can see the giant panda. 

There are many things that Mina’s father talks about which are becoming harder to find. The large green public telephones are almost obsolete as everybody carries their own smartphones. The illustration of the cylindrical red mailbox is also becoming just a memory of the past as the mailboxes are little red square boxes now. You can still find the old-style mailboxes in the countryside though. You can buy hot roasted chestnuts all year round and not as many ramen shops display the red lanterns anymore. 

The book is written in English and Japanese. Also, for those who still haven’t learned to read the language, following the Japanese text, the romaji version is provided (Romaji being the Romanization of the Japanese language). It is a good tool for learning how to read once you’ve learned the basics of the Japanese alphabet and are familiar with a number of kanji characters. 

Still, the book is a wonderful introduction to a city I once called home. If you’ve never been to Tokyo, this book will make you want to go and see all those things for yourself. Tokyo may be a bit overwhelming at times but I believe there is something for everyone, children and adults alike. It is one of my favorite cities in the entire world and if you visit, it might become one of yours as well. ~Ernie Hoyt

Counterfeit by Kirstin Chen (William Morrow)

It’s easy to mistake Kirstin Chen’s Counterfeit as a bit of summer fluff, but this Singaporean American writer has other plans—and they are devious. What begins as a strange reunion between two women who once were college roommates at Stanford turns into a unique partnership with a criminal bent. Winnie is a Mainland Chinese glamour girl with a brain who has caught the eye of a Guangzhou business magnate. Ava is a Chinese American prodigy who recently gave up a prestigious position in a law firm to raise her difficult child. She’s bored out of her skull so when Winnie offers her a new and somewhat dodgy occupation, eventually she accepts the job.

Suddenly Ava is immersed in the world of counterfeit handbags, buying the real thing at upscale stores and then making a return at the same place with a gorgeous forgery. She and Winnie split the refund and sell the purloined designer bags on eBay at prices far below retail. 

When Ava has qualms of revulsion about this scheme, Winnie asks “What makes a fake bag fake if it’s indistinguishable from the real thing? What gives the real bag its inherent value?” Ava has no answer; the bags they use to defraud are not the “copy bags” hawked on the streets of Hong Kong or piled in the windows of dingy little shops. These are the “creme de la creme” of replicas, far above the “super A” and the mere “A” copies. The bags Winnie receives from China have been made with the same care and luxurious materials as their genuine counterparts. These are the replicas known as “one-to-one.” But while the genuine bag sells for five-figure prices, the gorgeous and identical copies go for a fraction of that. 

This is where Counterfeit becomes something more than the story of a bored housewife. The details of the replica trade are riveting and almost take over the entire novel. The makers of the world’s most coveted status symbols have contracts with manufacturing plants in China where labor is cheap, workers are skilled, and factories are state of the art. When Ava goes to Shenzhen on a quality-control mission, she’s taken to the Baiyun Leather World Trade Center, “the world’s largest retailer of replica designer leather goods.” There she finds gorgeous boutiques, one selling Fendi bags, another focusing on Birkin and Kelly. All of the world’s most exclusive brands are there, in luscious colors and displayed like jewels at Tiffany’s. However when Ava meets the contact who will show her the merchandise that she’s come to inspect, he takes her to a shabby building where she’s ushered into a room filled with black garbage bags. Her guide locks the door and opens the bag of fifty Chanel Gabrielle Hoboes which Ava examines carefully and then purchases. When she leaves Shenzhen, she carries a Kelly bag in amethyst leather, exactly like the real thing, for which she’s paid less than 900 dollars.

Later she visits a manufacturing plant where the genuine bags are made under heavy security to prevent replication. Within the compound is another factory, under the same ownership as the business that has contracted to make the real thing. Plans, materials, and labels all migrate from one plant to another and then return, while never going beyond the heavily guarded gates of the complex. 

Just when Counterfeit threatens to become the story of a fascinating trade, Chen switches gears. Her plot twists take over the narrative once again and few readers will be able to figure out where this novel is taking them. But one thing is certain. Kirstin Chen has concocted a fiendishly clever story—and anyone who reads it will probably find themselves yearning for a one-to-one replica bag, scruples be damned.~Janet Brown

Nujeen : One Girl's Incredible Journey from War-Torn Syria in a Wheelchair by Nujeen Mustafa with Christina Lamb (Harper)

“I don’t collect stamps or coins or football cars - I collect facts. Most of all I like facts about physics and space, particularly string theory. Also about history and dynasties like the Romanovs. And controversial people like Howard Hughes and J. Edgar Hoover”. 

Nujeen Mustafa says she hates the word refugee more than any other word in the English language. She says what it really means is “a second-class citizen with a number scrawled on your hand or printed on a wristband, who everyone wishes would somehow go away.”  In the year 2015, Nujeen “became a fact, a statistic, a number.” As much as she likes facts she goes on to say that “we are human beings.” 

Nujeen is the story of one girl’s incredible journey from war-torn Syria in a wheelchair. It is written by Nujeen with Christina Lamb who was the coauthor of I Am Malala. Nujeen says her name means “new life”. Her parents already had four girls and four boys so her birth was rather unexpected. The age difference between her and her eldest brother is twenty-six years. 

The family first lived in a town called Manbij in northern Syria, close to the border with Turkey. She calls her mother Ayee and her father Yaba. They are not Arabic words. Nujeen is a Kurd. 

As one of the few Kurdish families living in a town that was mostly Arab who she says “looked down on us and called our area the Hill of the Foreigners”. The family was forced to speak Arabic. They could only use their own language, Kurmanji, in their home. It was most difficult for her parents who were illiterate and didn’t speak Arabic. 

Nujeen was born with cerebral palsy. Her family moved to Aleppo so she could get better healthcare than she did in Manbij. Life was a little better. She even taught herself to speak a little English by watching the American soap opera Days of Our Lives.

The Syrian Civil War started after the Arab Spring Protests (a series of anti-government protests against corruption and economic stagnation). However, unlike other Arab nations that managed to depose their corrupt government officials, the President of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, used violent force to suppress the demonstrators. 

This led to the Syrian Refugee Crisis where millions of Syrians left their country or have been displaced within their own nation. Nujeen is one of the millions of asylum seekers. She is an extraordinary young woman who escaped from Syria in a wheelchair. This is her story. 

Nujeen is a Kurdish Syrian refugee who traveled from the historic city of Aleppo to escape war and civil unrest to Germany where her brother lives. She made the perilous journey in a wheelchair with her sister, who pushed her most of the way. Since leaving Aleppo, the girls travel more than 3,500 miles across nine countries from war to peace—a journey to a new life, just like her name. It takes them a month after they left Gaziantep in Turkey where her parents remained. 

The trip cost nearly 5,000 Euros, mostly paid by her elder brothers who were already living abroad. Nujeen and her sister travel from Turkey to the Greek island of Lesbos in a dinghy. Then they go to Athens on the mainland of Greece, continuing to Macedonia and Serbia, with hopes of going through Hungary as well. However, their luck seems to run out as Hungary has closed its borders to all refugees. They have to change their plans. Their journey takes them through Croatia, Slovenia and Austria before they finally reach Germany. 

Nujeen and other refugees not only leave the comforts of their home, they have to deal with smugglers, bribe corrupt officials, and are persecuted by right-wing fanatics. Yet Nujeen retains her sense of dignity. She’s an inspiration and a role model who shows the world that refugees are not all criminals and will contribute to society if that society lets them. 

The Syrian refugee crisis still continues and Bashar al-Assad is still President of Syria. Now that the news is focusing on Russian aggression against Ukraine, people are seeming to forget the crimes committed by al-Assad and his regime. Why he is still in power is a mystery to me. Why can’t the international community depose people like al-Assad, Vladimir Putin, and all the other tyrants around the world. Until we rid the world of these people, the world will never be a safe place. ~Ernie Hoyt

Ma and Me: A Memoir by Putsata Reang (Farrar, Straus and Giroux)

Ma is a woman with a “face spangled with light.” She took her children away from Cambodia’s genocide and brought them to a small town in Oregon, a place where she and her husband found a house and established their reputations as a leading Khmer family in the area. “Use your brain, not your back,” she tells her children, and shows them the consequences of ignoring her advice by taking them to the fields of berry farmers and harvesting crops for money every summer. Quickly they all learn to listen to Ma. All of them succeed in moving far from lives of physical labor.

On the ship that carries her family from Cambodia to a refugee camp, Ma holds tight to Putsata, her dying baby whom she manages to keep alive. “My first feeling was flight,” Putsata says of the memories she has inherited from that voyage. When she turns two, Ma teaches her a game, “Run and hide,” one that the little girl plays so often that it “forms into habit,” her “very best skill.”

“Both of us are storytellers,” Putsata  says. Ma carries a storehouse of Cambodian fables and myth, while her daughter becomes a journalist who quests for facts that might hold truth. The presiding fact in Putsata’s life is one she’s always known: Ma is the savior and Putsata is the saved. “I owed Ma my life,” and in return Putsata “tried to live an immaculate life.” She goes off to work in Cambodia, becomes fluent in Khmer, helps her relatives who survived the Pol Pot years. She turns herself into a model daughter and “Ma made a myth of me.” Nothing seems to shatter that myth, not even when Putsata tells Ma that she’s gay, right up until the day that she discovers that her mother never believed that disclosure was true.

When she finds that she needs to choose between the woman she will marry and Ma, Putsata becomes “the single flaw in the beautiful fiction of a family Ma spun for the Khmer community.” Without bathos or drama, she conveys the agony that racks her mother and herself in the moment when long after their voyage to safety ended, “Ma had cast me overboard.”

Memoirs have become a tiresome genre but Putsata has set an impossible standard of excellence with hers. Intertwining Ma’s folktales with the story of her mother’s life and her own, she burnishes this with the language of a poet. When her abusive father attacks one of her young cousins, the blood seeping from the child “lying like a broken bird on the floor”  is “the color of fresh berries.” When she visits the death chambers of Tuol Sleng, she feels “the million pinpricks of guilt, shame, and sorrow…calcify in me like a new bone.” The Cambodian monsoons strike as if “through a single slit in the sky, an entire sea crashed onto the land.”

Whether she’s a child working in Oregon’s strawberry fields, “zombie-like and without complaint,” or an adult alone in the country of her birth, seeing it as “an entire nation of the walking wounded,” “so physically beautiful and yet stained with such a grim past,” Putsata takes her readers with her, imbuing them with her sense of beauty, her scalding honesty, her refusal to indulge in self-pity, and her extraordinary history.~Janet Brown

The Newlyweds by Nell Freudenberger (Penguin)

The Newlyweds is a modern day romance novel. The author was inspired to write the story after meeting a woman on a plane. The woman’s name was Farah Deeba Munni, a Bangladeshi woman who met her husband on an international marriage-broker website. 

Amina Mazid is a twenty-four-year old Muslim woman who meets her husband, George Stillman, online. George is an engineer who works in a suburb of New York City. After a very short courtship, with George’s promise of converting to Islam, she moves from her native country of Bangladesh to live with George in a new house he has recently bought in the town of Rochester. 

Amina believes that finding her husband on an online website is not so different from the tradition of arranged marriages in her own country. In the past, Amina would be described as a mail-order bride. However, in this relationship, it is Amina who makes her own choice, not her parents. In fact, her parents encourage her to find an American husband so she will have a more prosperous future. 

Amina had learned British English at Maple Leaf International in Dhaka, which is different from American English. George had to correct her on many occasions. “Americans went to the bathroom, never the loo. They did not live in flats or stow anything in the boot of the car, and under no circumstances did they ever pop outside to smoke a fag.” 

This is just one aspect of the cultural difference Amina experiences by becoming an American housewife. It isn’t just the cross-cultural differences Amina and George are faced with. They also weren’t entirely honest with each other before they got married. 

Amina also has an ulterior motive for marrying an American which isn’t so much about love but about family. She discovers that her idea of family isn’t shared by George. Amina believes that her parents should be where she is. She took it for granted that George would welcome her parents with open arms. However, George is American. He doesn’t believe in living with an extended family. He only considers the nuclear family.

When Amina discovers George’s secret, he reluctantly gives in to her request that her parents come live with them. Now, Amina is heading back to Bangladesh to help her parents with the immigration procedure. But when she returns home, she must deal with her relatives, close and distant, who all believe she is now a rich American wife and can help everybody financially. One of her father’s cousins has gone so far as to try to extort money from the family. She must also deal with her own emotions concerning a man she was once in love with. 

Freudenberger writes a beautifully crafted story where you find yourself hoping that Amina and George will find happiness together and that everything will work out in the end. As with any relationship, cross-cultural or otherwise, I believe it is a simple matter of being honest and communicating from the start. As long as there is love and understanding, I believe any couple can make their marriage a happy and successful one. ~Ernie Hoyt

You’ve Changed: Fake Accents, Feminism, and Other Comedies from Myanmar by Pyae Moe Thet War (Catapult)

What happens when you’re taught a foreign language from birth at the same time that you’re learning your country’s own language? What happens when you’re praised for your success in English while your mother tongue languishes from disuse? What happens when your mouth accommodates sounds not extant in your native language, changing shape as it masters English? What happens when you’re told from the start of your life that English is more important than Myanmar and you’re sent away from home to perfect your mastery of the language of colonizers?

“Not all languages are created equal,” Pyae Moe Thet War learns at an early age. Later she reads in the National Geographic that “one language dies every 14 days,” with 230 vanishing between 1950 and 2010. With each death, a culture disappears. 

Pyae has spent her life fighting to keep her culture close at hand, even as her knowledge of her native language dwindles. In Yangon (still known more widely by its English name of Rangoon), her teachers at international schools struggle with the pronunciation of her name. While many of her friends and her little sister accommodate those in authority by adopting English names, Pyae keeps the name given by her parents, with all of its inherent challenges. 

“But what’s your Christian name,” the mother of her English boyfriend asks, happily ignorant that Pyae has never been Christian. When taking official examinations at school, Pyae is confronted with spaces for first, middle, and last name, while she has none of these. When she separates Moe, Thet, and War into these spaces, she’s faced with a name that isn’t hers. Her western friends stumble over the complexity of her name, although as she points out, “Elizabeth has no more syllables than Pyae Moe Thet War,” and nobody who finds the pronunciation of her name difficult has trouble saying “Elizabeth Taylor.” 

Living in English, Pyae exists without crucial external touchstones with Myanmar culture. In English, there’s no word for hpone, a concept that governs the way Myanmar women should do laundry. Hpone refers to the Buddha nature that every man is born with and every woman lacks. While the stupidest man in Myanmar could possibly embody the next Buddha, Aung San Suu Kyi never could—in fact her undergarments have the power to destroy a man’s hpone. 

For Pyae, hpone clashes with “slut walk” and the Vagina Monologues—and loses. Even in Yangon, Eve Ensler’s play has been staged, although the women in the audience probably still separate their underwear from male apparel when doing laundry. Pyae however does not. In this crucial way, she has stopped being “a good Myanmar woman.”

Instead she’s one of many “Brown people operating in white spaces,” for whom baking a cake becomes a small act of cultural transgression.  A much larger cultural gap destroys her seven-year relationship with an Englishman. If they were to marry, Pyae would lose her Myanmar citizenship and quite possibly her ability to go home again, while her U.K. residency would be predicated upon her husband’s income. Her marriage to a white man would break her father’s heart to the point that he might well disown her. Pyae makes her choice. She now lives alone in Yangon.

The very concept of “alone” is alien to Myanmar culture. Family is community in Pyae’s country and when she goes to a movie by herself, this is inexplicable, if not insane, behavior. Her friends understand but they too are “outside of the village,” as a Myanmar proverb describes nonconformists. When they’re together, they speak “Myanglish,” a hybrid language of English sprinkled with Myanmar phrases. 

Pyae is a writer who can’t write in her native language. Her grandmother and her father will never read her books. “I don’t want this to be a race book,” she tells her western literary agent. But as an English-language writer of nonfiction, from a brown-skinned country whose culture has been overlooked and exoticized, not even Pyae’s well-honed sardonic humor can keep race at bay. From “cake” to “laundry,” language reinforces race with one superiority strengthening the other.  Pyae will always be a “Myanmar writer,” a truth for which we should all be grateful. With English, she illuminates her culture and pillories our own.~Janet Brown 

Malice by Keigo Higashino, tranlated by Alexander O. Smith (Abacus)

Keigo Higashino is one of Japan’s most prolific and popular mystery writers. He has written over fifty novels and many of them have been translated into other languages. A number of his titles have also been adapted for the silver screen. A 2007 television series titled Galileo was based on his series of novels featuring physicist and part-time sleuth, Manabu Yunokawa.

Malice was originally published in Japanese in 1996 with the title Akui. It was released in English in the U.S. in 2014 by Minotaur Books. The Abacus edition was published in 2015 and is translated by Alexander O. Smith. Malice is the first novel in a series to feature Police Detective Kyoichiro Kaga.

The story opens with the death of a writer named Kunihiko Hidaka. Hidaka and his wife Rie were set to move to Vancouver, Canada and this was his last day of living in Japan. Osamu Nonoguchi, a children’s book author and friend of Hidaka and his wife, was scheduled to meet them before their impending move. However, Hidaka wasn’t returning Nonoguchi’s calls so he phones Rie to ask about his friend’s whereabouts. 

Rie was waiting at the hotel for her husband so she did not know he was going to meet with Nonoguchi. When she reaches their home, she and Osamu find Hidaka sitting at his desk in his home office, dead. 

Detective Kyoichiro Kaga is assigned to investigate the case. Nonoguchi is an acquaintance of Koga’s from their days teaching at the same school in the past. Koga became a detective while Nonoguchi became an author. As Kaga begins asking questions, Nonoguchi realizes that Kaga is not reminiscing about old times but that he’s being interrogated and the investigation into his friend’s death has begun. 

As Kaga investigates the case, he feels that Nonoguchi’s statements are a bit off. Something just doesn’t add up. The more Kaga looks into the case, it raises more questions than answers. All of the facts that Kaga uncovers leads him to suspect that it was Nonoguchi who committed the crime. Nonoguchi does not seem surprised to find himself under arrest and asks if he can write his confession. 

Although it seems to be an open and closed case, Detective Kaga is not satisfied with Nonoguchi’s confession. What bothers him the most is that there seems to be no motive for the crime. Kaga refuses to close the case until he can establish a motive. 

The story is written alternatively, as seen through the eyes of the writer Nonoguchi and Detective Kaga. It becomes a game of cat and mouse to see who can outwit who. Higashi not only focuses on the crime but incorporates other themes into his story—bullying, infidelity, extortion which ultlmately leads to murder. 

As we begin to understand the personalities of the characters, then it is we, the readers, who also become detectives as we try to determine the truth of what the characters are saying. Is Nonoguchi’s confession reliable? Does Detective Kaga determine what the motive was for the crime? Once you reach the end of the book, the answers may surprise you. ~Ernie Hoyt

Please Look After Mom by Kyung-Sook Shin (Knopf)

None of Mom’s children give her much thought until the day she goes missing in a busy Seoul subway station. One minute she’s clutching her husband’s hand as he’s forcing his way down the stairs and then she’s gone. Before he realizes her absence, he’s already packed into a crowded car, unable to leave. When he returns to the spot where he last saw his wife, she has vanished. 

As they begin to search for her, her children realize they barely remember the date of their mother’s birthday.  Mom had merged her celebrations into those of her husband’s, for the sake of convenience. In fact they don’t know her true age, their father tells them, because she’s older than her birth certificate indicates. They don’t have a recent photograph of her because Mom hated having her picture taken and nobody ever pressed the issue. 

When they think of the 69-year-old woman named Park So-nyo who turned out to be really 71, all they can think of is Mom, whose “house was like a factory,” filled with juices and sauces and pastes and fermented fish made by her own hands. All they remember at first when they think of Mom is how she perpetually worried that her children might go hungry and how she always made sure they were fed.

Their search is for a woman whom they barely know, one whose reported sightings are ghostly, in neighborhoods her children left long before.  As they try to understand the mystery of why she didn’t call any of them or why she hasn’t gone to a police station to ask for help, they begin to turn up fragments of memory—the unspoken knowledge that Mom is unable to read, the ignored signs of her ill health, the way she cared for her family unaided when their father temporarily abandoned his household.

As Mom gradually takes shape while still remaining elusive, each member of her family sees dimensions of her that they have constantly overlooked—her curiosity about one daughter’s trips abroad, her longing to read the books written by a child with whom she constantly battles, her hidden devotion to a brother-in-law who killed himself before her children were born, and her connection to “that man,” who is linked to her in a way that always remained a secret.

Mom slowly unfolds like a budding flower, in a shadowed fashion through the eyes of others. Only at the end of her story does she emerge with her own voice, and by then she’s taken on another shape, an unrecognizable form. 

In the relentlessly urban world of modern-day Korea, Mom is embarrassingly rural, only recognized for what she gives and how she nourishes once she has disappeared. Kyung-Sook Shin has created a delicate allegory, a fable built with spiderwebs, carefully and gracefully constructed. Her opening sentence echoes the stark lack of sentiment that characterizes the beginning of Camus’ The Stranger.  The famous “Mother died today. Or was it yesterday,” is matched by “It’s been one week since Mom went missing.” But unlike the narrator of the French classic, Mom’s children find their way into the compassion and tenderness of Shin’s final sentence, voiced to the Pieta, “Please, please look after Mom.”~Janet Brown

The Inugami Clan by Seishi Yokomizo, translated by Yumiko Yamazaki (ICG Muse)

Seishi Yokomizo is a Japanese mystery writer. He is the creator of the popular detective series Kindaichi. Kosuke Kindaichi is an unorthodox and unkempt man who is in his mid-thirties. He is “slightly built, with an unruly mop of hair” and wears “an unfashionable serge kimono and wide-legged pleated hakama trousers, both very wrinkled and worn - and he had a slight tendency to stutter”. 

He is the main character who solved the cases of The Honjin Murders, Gokumon Island, and Yatsuhaka Village, all previously published titles in Japanese with the titles of Honjin Satsujin Jiken, Gokumonto, Yatsuhakamura.

The Inugami Clan is his most popular and well-known novel once again featuring Kosuke Kindaichi. It was translated into English by Yumiko Yamazaki. The book has been adapted into a movie twice by the same director, Kon Ichikawa. The first adaptation was in 1976 which had the international English title of The Inugami Family and again in 2006 with the title The Inugamis.

Sahei Inugami is one of the leading businessmen in an area north of Tokyo. He is the founder of the Inugami Group and is also called the Silk King. His story is the epitome of rags to riches as he was an orphan as a child and a drifter as a young adult. He’s not even sure if his surname is really his own. He was taken in by a kind-hearted priest who nursed him back to health and treated him like his own son. 

Thanks to Daini Nonomiya, the priest of Nasu Temple, not only did Sahei recover. Under Nonomiya’s sponsorship and tutelage, he was educated and became the success that he is today. He never married but has three daughters who were all born of different mothers. He also adopted Tamayo, the granddaughter of his savior and mentor Nonomiya. 

Sahei Inugami is now on his deathbed and his children have gathered at the family home in Nasu. His eldest daughter Matsuko who’s husband died during the war is there with her son Kiyo. The second daughter Takeko and her husband Toranosuke arrive with their son and daughter, Take and Sayoko. The third daughter, Umeko, has come with her husband Kokichi and her son Tomio. 

Sahei Inugami has never trusted the husbands of any one of his daughters and he had no love for them as well. None of the family voiced their true concern—who would inherit the Inugami fortune?

Before Sahei Inugami could make his last wish known, he died. However, he left his last will and testament which is to be read on the first anniversary of his death. 

Kindaichi comes to the Nasu region almost a year after Sahei Inugami’s passing. He has received a strange letter from a man named Toyoichiro Wakabayasi from the Furdate Law Office in Nasu. The law office handles all legal documents associated with the Inugami Group. He has expressed to Kindaichi his fears that members of the Inugami family will be killed and asks that he come to Nasu to investigate the matter.

The day Kindaichi is to speak to Wakabayashi in person, the lawyer is found dead at the inn where Kindaichi is staying. Kindaichi had thought the letter might have been a prank but decided to come to Nasa to speak with Wakabayashi in person. Now he is dead and Kindaichi unwittingly finds himself investigating a new case concerning the Inugami family. 

Yokomizo creates a mystery involving all members of the clan that, without a family tree, may confuse the reader. Its main plot involves an inheritance dispute. Wakabayashi knew it would bring out the worst in all the family members After his death, a series of other murders will occur. Can Kindaichi solve yet another crime that he was only peripherally involved in?. Why did Sahei Inugami write such a convoluted will that leaves his entire fortune to Tamayo who isn’t even a blood relative? The secrets of the family may surprise you! ~Ernie Hoyt